Chapter 5 Warm Ups Mrs. Hilliard

Chapter 5 Vocabulary Photosynthesis Ecological succession Cellular respiration Primary succession Producer Secondary succession Consumer Pioneer species Decomposer Climax community Food chain Food web Trophic level Carbon cycle Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Nitrogen cycle Phosphorus cycle

Chapter 5 Vocabulary Photosynthesis- the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen. Nitrogen cycle- the process in which nitrogen circulates among the air, soil, water, plants, and animals in an ecosystem. Cellular respiration- the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates. Phosphorus cycle- the cyclic movement of phosphorous in different chemical forms from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment. Producer- an organism that can make its own food (organic molecules from inorganic molecules). Ecological succession- a gradual process of change and replacement in a community. Consumer- an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter instead of producing its own nutrients. Primary succession- succession that begins in an area that previously did not support life. Decomposer- an organism that feeds by breaking down organic matter from dead organisms. Secondary succession- the process by which one community replaces another community that has been partially or totally destroyed. Food chain- the pathway of energy transfer through various stages as a result of the feeding patterns of a series of organisms. Pioneer species- a species that colonizes an uninhabited area and that starts an ecological cycle in which many other species become established. Food web- a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. Trophic level- one of the steps in a food chain or food pyramid. Climax community- a final, stable community in equilibrium with the environment. Carbon cycle- the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria- bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.

Energy What type of organisms get their energy only from producers? What type of organisms get their energy directly from the sun? Which organisms get their energy indirectly from the sun? How do some rare bacteria deep in the ocean get their energy?

Energy What type of organisms get their energy only from producers? Herbivores What type of organisms get their energy directly from the sun? Plants and other producers Which organisms get their energy indirectly from the sun? Consumers How do some rare bacteria deep in the ocean get their energy? From hydrogen sulfide in the hot water

Food chains If an insect eats a plant and a bird eats the insect, about how much energy from the plant is stored in the insect for the bird to use? What is the energy that is consumed by organisms stored as? Where would algae be found in a food chain?

Food chains If an insect eats a plant and a bird eats the insect, about how much energy from the plant is stored in the insect for the bird to use? 10% What is the energy that is consumed by organisms stored as? Fat and sugar molecules Where would algae be found in a food chain? At the bottom as a producer

Ecosystem energy What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem? What is the process in which energy from the sun is used to make sugar molecules? What do we know about cellular respiration?

Ecosystem energy What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem? Food Web What is the process in which energy from the sun is used to make sugar molecules? Photosynthesis What do we know about cellular respiration? It is the reverse reaction of photosynthesis, it produces energy, oxygen is one of the primary reactants.

Photosynthesis List some photosynthetic organisms. What is the ultimate source of energy for living things, except for those that live in the deep ocean near thermal vents? What group of consumers are bacteria and fungi examples of?

Photosynthesis List some photosynthetic organisms. Algae, plants, phytoplankton, any autotrophs What is the ultimate source of energy for living things, except for those that live in the deep ocean near thermal vents? The sun What group of consumers are bacteria and fungi examples of? Decomposers

Nutrient cycles What contains carbon from the bodies of plants and animals that died millions of years ago? Which gas makes up 78 percent of our atmosphere but can be used by plants only when transformed by bacteria first? How are humans increasing the amount of carbon in the environment?

Nutrient cycles What contains carbon from the bodies of plants and animals that died millions of years ago? Coal, oil, and natural gas Which gas makes up 78 percent of our atmosphere but can be used by plants only when transformed by bacteria first? Nitrogen How are humans increasing the amount of carbon in the environment? By burning fossil fuels in great quantities has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Nutrient cycles Why are plants important in the carbon cycle? Why are bacteria that live within the roots of a soybean plant a critical part of the nitrogen cycle? What are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live within the nodules on the roots of plants called?

Nutrient cycles Why are plants important in the carbon cycle? They allow carbon to enter into the ecosystem through photosynthesis Why are bacteria that live within the roots of a soybean plant a critical part of the nitrogen cycle? The bacteria change atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form. What are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live within the nodules on the roots of plants called? legumes

Carbon What are underground carbon sources composed of plants and animals that died millions of years ago called? Nearby lakes and streams can be affected by nitrogen and phosphorus cycles from what being used in excess?

Carbon What are underground carbon sources composed of plants and animals that died millions of years ago called? Fossil fuels Nearby lakes and streams can be affected by nitrogen and phosphorus cycles from what being used in excess? Fertilizer

Photosynthesis