Figure 14.2 (Zumdahl) An acid-base (proton-transfer) reaction of an Acid HA with Water Which two pairs of species are conjugates? In each pair, which one is the acid? The base? (How do you know?) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Figure 14.3 (Zumdahl) The reaction of NH3 with HCl to form NH4+ and Cl-. Which two pairs of species are conjugates? In each pair, which one is the acid? The base? (How do you know?) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Figure 14.7 (Zumdahl) Two Water Molecules React to Form H3O+ and OH- Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Behavior of Acids of Different Strengths in Aqueous Solution (a) A Strong Acid (b) A Weak Acid H3O+ A- H3O+ A- Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Table 14.1 (Zumdahl) Various Ways to Describe Acid Strength (i.e., a “negligible” base) (i.e., a [“non-negligible”] base) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Table 14.2 Values of Ka for Some Common Monoprotic Acids Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Fig. 16.12. Relative strength of Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs Note: Consistent with KaKb=Kw ! “Weak begets weak” Strong and weak are not opposites. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Benzoic Acid Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
A quick quiz on some acid-base related topics [H3O+] = [OH-] A neutral solution is one in which ___________ The pH scale goes from ____ to ____ pH + pOH = ____ Kw equals __________ < 0 >14 pKw (“14” only at T = 25C) Depends on T! T (C) Kw 0.114 x 10-14 10 0.185 x 10-14 24 1.00 x 10-14 25 1.01 x 10-14 40 2.92 x 10-14 60 9.61 x 10-14 6 M HCl (pH~ -0.8) 6 M NaOH (pH~ 14.8) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Figure 14. 8 (Zumdahl) [Compare to Figure 16 Figure 14.8 (Zumdahl) [Compare to Figure 16.7 in Tro] The pH Scale and pH Values of Some Common Solutions/Mixtures 6 M NaOH Technically, only at 25C! 6 M HCl Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Figure 14.13 The Al(H2O)63+ ion Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Common Household Substances that Contain Acids and Bases Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
The Label on a Bleach Bottle Warns of the Hazards of Mixing Cleaning Solutions Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
An Antacid Containing Aluminum and Magnesium Hydroxides Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Table 14.3 Values of Kb for Some Common Weak Bases Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Table 14.5 Qualitative Prediction of pH for Solutions of Salts for Which both Cation and Anion Have Acidic or Basic Properties Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Table 14.6 Acid-Base Properties of Various Types of Salts Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Table 14.7 Bond Strengths and Acid Strengths for Hydrogen Halides Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Table 14.9 Comparison of Electronegativity of X and Ka Value for a Series of Oxyacids Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Figure 14.11 The Effect of the Number of Attached Oxygens on the O-H Bond in a Series of Chlorine Oxyacids Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Table 14.8 Several Series of Oxyacids and Their Ka Values Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Table 14.4 Stepwise dissociation Constants for Several Common Polyprotic Acids Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Table 14.10 Three Models for Acids and Bases Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.