استراتژي.

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Presentation transcript:

استراتژي

استراتژي تنظيم فرايند ها ، منابع ، ساختارسازماني جهت حداكثر نمودن سود ذينفعان شركت

استراتژي ذينفعان سهام داران مشتريان كاركنان تامين كنندگان

استراتژي فرآيند شناسايي و مهندسي مجدد جريان كاري TQM و بكارگيري سيستم توليد بهنگام براي موجودي ها ايجاد ارتباط از طريق ايجاد تيم هاي چند وظيفه هاي

Strategy منابع سرمايه نيروي انساني مواد ماشين آلات اطلاعات تاسيسات

Strategy ساختار سازماني ساختار وظيفه گرا مديريت محصول يا برند گرا ساختار ماتريسي غيره

رويكرد وظيفه گرا سازمانها بر اساس وظايف مشابه و منابع مورد استفاده مشابه شكل ميگيرند President Vice President Vice President Vice President مدير عامل Fiancnce Manufacturing Marketing Production Control مدير مالي مدير توليد مدير بازاريابي

مديريت محصول گرا

ساختار ماتريسي مدير بخش مهندسي مدير محصول مدير محصول مدير كيفيت 737 مدير پروژه 747 مدير پروژه 757 مدير پروژه 767 مدير پروژه

استراتژي استراتژي سازمان استراتژي هاي واحد كسب و كار استرات‍ژي هاي وظيفه اي)ماهيت بازار-محصول( برنامه هاي و استراتژي هاي بازاريابي بر روي اين قسمت متمركز مي باشند. SBU’s: An entity that can be separated for planning purposes Has its own set of customers Has its own set of competitors Has a manager who is responsible for the unit

واحد هاي كسب و كار استراتژيك ماهيت اين بخش به گونه اي است كه مي توان ان را به بخش هاي گوناگوني كه قابليت برنامه ريزي دارند تقسيم بندي نمود. مشتريان مخصوص به خود را دارد. رقباي خاي خود را داراست. مديري دارد كه مسئوليت بخش را بر عهده دارد.

استراتژي سازماني ماموريت تعيين وظايف جهت اجرا مساله مسئوليت اجتماعي محصول گرا و بازار گرا تعيين وظايف جهت اجرا مساله مسئوليت اجتماعي “ . . . Burlington Northern Railroad’s mission is to provide long-distance transportation for large-volume producers of low-value, low-density products, such as coal and grain.” (Boyd, Walker & Larreche, 1998, p. 32) Identifies: need to be satisfied Function to be performed Customer group(s) to be served Products or technologies on which to concentrate (Boyd, Walker & Larreche, 1998, p. 32)

استراتژي سازماني اهداف سازماني سودآوري كاهش گردش وجوه نقدي سهم بازار نرخ بازگشت سرمايه ميزان سود هر سهم مقدار سودآوري غيره كاهش گردش وجوه نقدي سهم بازار

استراتژي توسعه سازماني نفوذ در بازار توسعه محصول بازار هاي فعلي توسعه بازار بازار هاي جديد تنوع بخشي محصولا جديد محصولات فعلي

استراتژي توسعه سازماني استراتژي سازماني استراتژي توسعه سازماني نفوذ در بازار توسعه بازار توسعه محصول تنوع بخشي يكپارچه سازي مستقيم يكپارچه سازي معكوس تنوع بخشي مرتبط (همگن) تنوع بخشي نامرتبط (ناهگن) related diversification – does not have products or customers in common but contributes to synergy through the sharing of production facilities, brand names, R&D knowhow, or marketing and distribution skills (Boyd, Walker & Larreche, 1998, p. 39) unrelated (conglomerate) diversification -- financial, rather than operational, motivations

استراتژي هاي سازماني تخصيص منابع مدل مشاورين گروه بستن(Boyd, Walker & Larreche, pp. 41, 42) ماتريس جذابيت صنعت– جايگاه كسب وكار(مدل جنرال الكتريك) (Boyd, Walker & Larreche, p. 44)

ماتريس مشاورين بستن(BCG ) علامت سئوال نرخ رشد بازار ستاره گاو شيرده سگ From Boyd, Walker & Larreche (1998, p. 43) Limitations of the growth-share matrix: 1. “Market growth rate is an inadequate descriptor of overall industry attractiveness.” 2. “Relative Market share is inadequate as a description of overall competitive strength.” 3. “The outcomes of a growth-share analysis are highly sensitive to variations in how growth and share are measured.” Appropriate definition of relevant industry is sometimes unclear. 4. “While the matrix specifies appropriate investment strategies for each business, it provides little guidance on how best to implement those strategies.” 5. “The model implicitly assumes that all business units are independent of one another except for the flow of cash.” سهم نسبي از بازار

ماتريس جذابيت صنعت– جايگاه كسب وكار(مدل جنرال الكتريك) زياد 1 1 2 موقعيت رقابتي 1 2 3 متوسط From Boyd, Walker & Larreche (1998, p. 43): Competitive position: size, growth, relative share, customer loyalty, profit margins, distribution, technology, marketing skills, patents Industry attractiveness: size, growth, competitive intensity, price levels, profitability, technological sophistication, government regulations 3 كم 2 3 زياد متوسط كم جذابيت صنعت

واحد هاي كسب و كار استرتژيك تدوين استراتژي (ديدگاه پورتر) هزينه كل مديريت تمركز زياد تمركز كم تمايز

Porter’s Typology هزينه كل مديريت تمايز تمركز كم تمركز زياد

استرات‍ژي هاي وظيفه اي)ماهيت بازار-محصول( 4 نيروي بازاريابي (4p) قيمت مكان ترفيع تبليغات فروش فردي ترفيعات شهرت

ايجاد ارزش و ارائه آن انتخاب ارزش به وجود آوردن ارزش انتقال ارزش

ايجاد ارزش و ارائه آن انتخاب ارزش بخش بندي هدف گذاري تثبيت موقعيت

ايجاد ارزش و ارائه آن به وجود آوردن ارزش توسعه محصول و خدمات قيمت گذاري بافتن منابع توليد توزيع خدمت دهي

ايجاد ارزش و ارائه آن انتقال ارزش نيروي فروش ترفيعات فروش تبليغات شهرت