Diagrams and Graphs

Diagrams Graphs Particle Diagrams Bohr Models Emission Spectra Electron Dot Structures Structural Formulas Electrochemical Cells Heating Curves Gas Laws Potential Energy Diagrams

Particle Diagrams Solids, Liquids, Gases Solid Liquid Gas

Particle Diagrams Element, Compound, Mixtures Elements Compounds

Bohr Model Shows protons and neutrons in nucleus and the number of electrons in each energy level e 11p 12n

Emission Spectra Light emitted from an atom when an electron moves toward lower energy levels

Electron Dot Structures Diagrams that show valence electrons, usually as dots Ions must have a charge O Na+ F-

O O H N H C H O=C=O H Cl Structural Formulas Shared electrons are written as a line, unshared electrons are not written Each line represents 2 electrons O O H N H C H O=C=O H Cl

Electrochemical Cells any device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy or electrical energy into chemical energy Voltaic (Chemical) Spontaneous flow of electrons Chemical Energy converted to Electrical Energy Electrolytic Electrons are pushed by an outside power source Electrical Energy converted to Chemical Energy

Electrochemical Cell Components Cathode Electrode where reduction takes place (RED CAT) Anode Electrode where oxidation takes place (AN OX) Salt Bridge Allows for the passage of ions, not electrons Switch Device that opens(turns off) and closes(turns on) circuit

Voltaic Cell Example

Electrolytic Cell Example

Heating Curves Diagonal lines are phases Horizontal lines are phase changes Time (s) Temp (˚C) Gas Liquid Solid

Heating Curves Diagonal lines are phases Horizontal lines are phase changes Vaporization Condensation Time (s) Temp (˚C) Melting Freezing

Gas Laws T V V P n V T P

Exothermic Reaction EA Energy PEReactants ΔH PEProducts Reaction Process Energy EA PEReactants ΔH PEProducts

Endothermic Reaction EA Energy PEProducts ΔH PEReactants Reaction Process ΔH PEProducts PEReactants