Chapter 14 Acids and Bases Learning Goal Describe and name Arrhenius acids and bases and organic acids. Citrus fruits are sour because of the presence of acids. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Writing Ionic Formulas (6.2, 6.4) Balancing a Chemical Equation (8.2) Chapter 14 Readiness Key Math Skills Solving Equations (1.4D) Core Chemistry Skills Writing Ionic Formulas (6.2, 6.4) Balancing a Chemical Equation (8.2) Identifying Functional Groups (8.4) Using Scientific Notation (2.2) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Using Concentration as a Conversion Factor (12.4) Chapter 14 Readiness Core Chemistry Skills Using Concentration as a Conversion Factor (12.4) Writing the Equilibrium Constant Expression (13.3) Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations (13.4) Using Le Chatelier’s Principle (13.5) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

comes from the Latin word acidus, which means “sour.” Acids and Bases The term acid comes from the Latin word acidus, which means “sour.” is described by the Swedish chemist Arrhenius as substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

change blue litmus indicator to red corrode metals Acids Acids have a sour taste change blue litmus indicator to red corrode metals ionize in water to produce H+ ions HCl(g)  H+(aq) + Cl−(aq) H2O Polar molecular compound Ionization Hydrogen ion © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Naming Acids, Hydro____ic Acid Acids that produce H+ and a simple nonmetal ion in water are named with the prefix hydro and end with ic acid. HCl hydrochloric acid HBr hydrobromic acid The acid HCN produces H+ and the simple polyatomic ion CN−. It is also named with the prefix hydro and ends with ic acid. HCN hydrocyanic acid © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Naming Acids, ______ous Acid When the oxygen containing acid from a polyatomic ion ends in ite, it is named by changing the ite ending to ous acid. polyatomic ion ite to ous acid NO2− nitrite ion HNO2 nitrous acid SO32− sulfite ion H2SO3 sulfurous acid ClO2− chlorite ion HClO2 chlorous acid © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Naming Acids, ______ic Acid When the oxygen containing acid from a polyatomic ion ends in ate, it is named by changing the ate ending to ic acid. polyatomic ion ate to ic acid NO3− nitrate ion HNO3 nitric acid SO42− sulfate ion H2SO4 sulfuric acid ClO3− chlorate ion HClO3 chloric acid © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Naming Acids © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Naming Carboxylic Acids A carboxylic acid contains a carboxyl group: a hydroxyl group (OH) attached to a carbonyl group (C=O). Many carboxylic acids have common names, derived from their natural sources. The IUPAC names of carboxylic acids use the alkane names but replace e with oic acid. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Carboxylic Acids © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Naming Carboxylic Acids © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Check Select the correct name for each. A. HBr (1) bromic acid (2) bromous acid (3) hydrobromic acid B. H2CO3 (1) carbonic acid (2) hydrocarbonic acid (3) carbonous acid C. HBrO (1) hypobromic acid (2) hypobromous acid (3) bromous acid © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution Select the correct name for each. A. HBr (3) hydrobromic acid B. H2CO3 (1) carbonic acid C. HBrO (2) hypobromous acid © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

produce OH− ions in water taste bitter or chalky are electrolytes Bases Arrhenius bases produce OH− ions in water taste bitter or chalky are electrolytes feel soapy and slippery neutralize acids An Arrhenius base produces a cation and an oH- anion in an aqueous solution. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Characteristics of Acids and Bases © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Naming Bases, Hydroxides Typical Arrhenius bases are named as hydroxides. Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH2), also called slaked lime, is used in the food industry to produce beverages, in tanning to neutralize acids, and in dentistry as a filler for root canals. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Ca(OH)2(s)  Ca2+(aq) + 2OH−(aq) Bases, Hydroxides Hydroxide containing bases ionize in water to produce the metal ion and hydroxide ions (OH−). Ca(OH)2(s)  Ca2+(aq) + 2OH−(aq) Dried corn kernels are soaked in limewater (calcium hydroxide solution) to make hominy. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

H3PO4, an ingredient in soft drinks NaOH, used in drain cleaners Learning Check Identify each of the following compounds as an acid or a base, and give it a name. H3PO4, an ingredient in soft drinks NaOH, used in drain cleaners Mg(OH)2, used in antacids A soft drink contains H3PO4 and H2CO3. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

H3PO4, an ingredient in soft drinks acid, phosphoric acid Solution Identify each of the following compounds as an acid or a base, and give it a name. H3PO4, an ingredient in soft drinks acid, phosphoric acid B. NaOH, used in drain cleaners base, sodium hydroxide Mg(OH)2, used in antacids base, magnesium hydroxide © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.