Section 2: The Rise of the Greek City-States Ancient Greece Section 2: The Rise of the Greek City-States Witness History Audio: For the People’s Good Geography Shapes Greece Mountains and sea separated Greek city-states, which remained fiercely independent. The sea trade brought goods and ideas, such as the Phoenician alphabet. Greeks began to set up colonies all around the Mediterranean by 750 B.C. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “What battlefield behavior did Tyrtaeus praise?” (He praised soldiers who fought bravely in battle and who encouraged fighting as one.) “What might happen if a soldier in the front ranks of the phalanx fled?” (He would leave those near him open to attack.) When showing Color Transparency 21, ask “What effect did the mountains and water have on Greek city-states?” (Greeks were isolated from one another, but were skilled sailors and traders on the sea.) When showing Color Transparency 23, use the lesson in the transparency book to guide discussion. Color Transparency 21: The Geography of Greece Note Taking Transparency 63 Geography Interactive: Geography of Ancient Greece 1 of 8

Section 2: The Rise of the Greek City-States Ancient Greece Section 2: The Rise of the Greek City-States Governing the City-States The Greeks designed each large city-state, or polis, with an acropolis for temples and a lower walled city for homes, a market, and public buildings. Different forms of government evolved over time, from a monarchy, to an aristocracy, and in some places to an oligarchy. With the introduction of iron weapons around 650 B.C., more citizens could be outfitted with weapons and the phalanx formation emerged as a method of fighting. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “What battlefield behavior did Tyrtaeus praise?” (He praised soldiers who fought bravely in battle and who encouraged fighting as one.) “What might happen if a soldier in the front ranks of the phalanx fled?” (He would leave those near him open to attack.) When showing Color Transparency 21, ask “What effect did the mountains and water have on Greek city-states?” (Greeks were isolated from one another, but were skilled sailors and traders on the sea.) When showing Color Transparency 23, use the lesson in the transparency book to guide discussion. 2 of 8

Section 2: The Rise of the Greek City-States Ancient Greece Section 2: The Rise of the Greek City-States Sparta: A Warrior Society When Dorians conquered Laconia, they made slaves out of the Laconians. The new state of Sparta was a military state in which boys trained for warfare from a young age. Spartans shunned trade, wealth, and the introduction of new ideas. Witness History Audio: Spartan Education Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “What battlefield behavior did Tyrtaeus praise?” (He praised soldiers who fought bravely in battle and who encouraged fighting as one.) “What might happen if a soldier in the front ranks of the phalanx fled?” (He would leave those near him open to attack.) When showing Color Transparency 21, ask “What effect did the mountains and water have on Greek city-states?” (Greeks were isolated from one another, but were skilled sailors and traders on the sea.) When showing Color Transparency 23, use the lesson in the transparency book to guide discussion. Athens Evolves Into a Democracy Discontent among ordinary people under the aristocracy of Athens led to a form of democracy. Tyrants often held onto power by imposing reforms to help the merchants and the poor. Only landowning men could participate in government. 3 of 8

Section 2: The Rise of the Greek City-States Ancient Greece Section 2: The Rise of the Greek City-States Forces for Unity Greeks shared a language and worshipped the same gods. The most powerful god was Zeus. The Greeks built temples and held festivals to honor the gods. People called oracles claimed to speak for the gods. Color Transparency 23: Greek Games Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “What battlefield behavior did Tyrtaeus praise?” (He praised soldiers who fought bravely in battle and who encouraged fighting as one.) “What might happen if a soldier in the front ranks of the phalanx fled?” (He would leave those near him open to attack.) When showing Color Transparency 21, ask “What effect did the mountains and water have on Greek city-states?” (Greeks were isolated from one another, but were skilled sailors and traders on the sea.) When showing Color Transparency 23, use the lesson in the transparency book to guide discussion. QuickTake Section Quiz Progress Monitoring Transparency 4 of 8

Ancient Greece: Section 2 Color Transparency 21: The Geography of Greece 5 of 8

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Ancient Greece: Section 2 Color Transparency 23: Greek Games 7 of 8

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