Steps to World War I Chapter 16 Section 1

Review United States forces Japan to open trade with them Japan modernizes to “western” ways Early 1900’s England United States France All Industrialized Germany Japan Russia

The 4 Causes of WWI M – Militarism – development & glorification of the military A – Alliances – agreements between countries I – Imperialism – domination of one country by another N – Nationalism – Great pride & love for your country

Alliances Europe’s great powers divided into two alliances Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Will come to be called the Central Powers Later in the war Italy will switch sides and leave the Central Powers Triple Entente – France, Britain, and Russia Will come to be called the Allied Powers (Allies) Italy will switch sides later in the war and join the Allies

Assassination – June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis Ferdinand is assassinated Heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary His wife Sophia is killed also Why? They were visiting Sarajevo in Bosnia Bosnia was under the control of Austria-Hungary Imperialism by Austria-Hungary over Bosnia!!! Serbia wants Bosnia to be set free of Austria-Hungary so that Bosnia and Serbia can unite Nationalism b/w Bosnia and Serbia!!!

Assassination – June 28, 1914 Who? How? The Black Hand – Serbian terrorist organization Wants Bosnia to b/c part of the Serbian kingdom How? That morning… A member of the Black Hand throws a bomb at Ferdinand’s car, it missed them, he and his wife were not hurt That afternoon… Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand, shoots Ferdinand and his wife He killed them

Sarajevo June 28th, 1914

I Got Your Back! B/f Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, they made sure someone had their back… They knew that Russia was an ally of Serbia and they were scared to b/g a war w/ Serbia knowing that Russia had Serbia’s back so… Austria-Hungary asked Germany to help them if this turned into a war Germany’s Emperor William II responded to Austria-Hungary with a “blank check” “Blank check” – Austria-Hungary could rely on Germany’s full support  Germany will help them w/ anything they need

Effects of Assassination The assassination is the spark to WWI Austria-Hungary blames the Serbian govt. July 23, 1914 – Austria-Hungary sends Serbia and ultimatum They wanted the terrorist handed over to the Austro-Hungarian govt. and other extreme demands Serbia rejects the ultimatum July 28, 1914 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia Austria-Hungary and Germany are now at war with Serbia Serbia will ask for help from its allies!

Russia Enters the War Russia enters the war to help their ally Serbia July 29, 1914 – Russia’s Czar Nicholas II orders the mobilization of the Russian army Mobilization – process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war In 1914 mobilization was seen as an act of war Germany sees the mobilization as an act of war and warns Russia to stop the mobilization w/i 12 hours Russia ignores Germany’s warning August 1, 1914 – Germany declares war on Russia

Germany’s War Plan Schlieffen Plan – Germany’s plan on how to defeat Russia and France Germany knew they would soon be fighting France too b/c Russia and France had an alliance Everyone knew that France had Russia’s back Knowing this, August 3, 1914 – Germany declared war on France The Schlieffen Plan… A two-front war with France and Russia Germany would rapidly invade and conquer France in the west Have enough German troops to hold off Russia while they conquered France Once France was conquered Germany could concentrate all its troops on Russia in the east

Germany Invades Belgium Germany issues Belgium an ultimatum They demanded the right of German troops to pass through Belgian territory to get to France Belgium was a neutral nation August 4, 1914 – Britain declared war on Germany for violating Belgian neutrality Really, Britain was allies w/ France and Russia and wanted to maintain its own world power By August 4, 1914 all great European powers were at war

Two Sides Central Powers  Allied Powers (Allies)  Austria-Hungary Germany Ottoman Empire Allied Powers (Allies)  Serbia France Russia Great Britain Italy (switches sides to the allies in 1915) United States (much later)