DNA vs. RNA.

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Presentation transcript:

DNA vs. RNA

Discovery of DNA Watson and Crick determined the shape of DNA and published that info in 1953 They based their work on the previous works of Rosalind Franklin and Chargraff Franklin made X-Ray crystallography images of DNA Chargraff said that the bases paired together

DNA In the early 1950s, James Watson (American geneticist) and Francis Crick (British physicist) made a HUGE discovery Prior evidence suggested that the structure of DNA might be a spiral or a helix, but no one knew for sure However…

Nucleic Acids There are two types of nucleic acids DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid RNA = ribonucleic acid Both types of nucleic acids are composed of building blocks called nucleotides (monomers) Nucleotides have 3 parts: Nitrogenous base Sugar Phosphate group phosphate group sugar nitrogen-containing base

All About DNA Double helix Double = 2 strands Helix = twisted/winded 3 parts: Nitrogenous bases Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Sugar = deoxyribose Phosphate group

All About RNA Single helix Single = one strand Helix = twisted/winded 3 parts Nitrogenous bases Adenine Uracil Guanine Cytosine Sugar = ribose Phosphate group

Molecule Shape/structure Let’s compare the two! DNA RNA Type of Bases ATCG AUCG Type of Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose Molecule Shape/structure Double helix Single helix

Complimentary Base-Pairings - DNA The nitrogenous bases of DNA bond in the center of the helix. There are TWO pairs of complementary bases: Adenine (A) will only pair with thymine (T); 2 hydrogen bonds connect them Guanine (G) will only pair with cytosine (C); 3 hydrogen bonds connect them

Complimentary Base Pairings - RNA When RNA bonds with DNA, each RNA base will only bond with one type of DNA base. These are still called complimentary bases. Adenine (A) will only pair with uracil (U) Guanine (G) will only pair with cytosine (C)

Let’s Practice! Write the complimentary strand of DNA for the following 2 sequences of DNA: A T G C A U G C T T A G T C C A G C A T G G A A T C A C A G T T Write the complimentary strand of RNA for the following 2 sequences of DNA:

Focus Questions What are the differences between DNA and RNA? Include shape/structure, bases, sugar, location, purpose, and types. How do bases pair in DNA? How do bases pair between DNA and RNA?