AP Exam Review Chapters 1-10 Exploring Data AP Exam Review Chapters 1-10

Garb and Graph Presentations College Day! Garb and Graph Presentations

Univariate Data

Visualizing Distributions Big Ideas Visualizing Distributions Categorical Quantitative Dot plots Histograms Bar Charts Cumulative Relative Frequency Plots (Ogives) Pie Graphs Stemplots Boxplots

Comparing Distributions Big Ideas Comparing Distributions Categorical Quantitative Dot plots Either one above the other, or side by side Histograms Double Bar Charts Cumulative frequency plots on the same grid Back to Back Stemplots Parallel Boxplots

Big Ideas Describing Distributions C enter U nusual S hape S pread Center: Median or Mean Unusual Features: Clusters or Gaps Shape: Symmetric, Skewed (right or left), bell shaped, and uniform Spread: Standard Deviation or IQR (or Range, Variance, … )

Big Ideas Other Important Vocabulary: Empirical Rule

Big Ideas Other Important Vocabulary: Z-scores

Bivariate Data

Big Ideas Quantitative Data ScatterPlots Form: Linear F orm U nusual D irection S trength Form: Linear Unusual: Outliers and Influential Points Direction: Positive or Negative Strength: -1 to 1

Big Ideas Evidence of an association is NOT evidence of Cause and Effect Relationship Correlation is NOT affected by which variable is called x and which y or by changing units Residuals = difference between observed and predicted Regression line- minimizes the sum of the squares of the residuals Mean of Residuals = 0 (Always)

Big Ideas A pattern in residual plot indicates non-linear model may fit the data better than a line Non-linear models can sometimes be studied by transforming one of both variables and then noting a linear relationship Be able to read computer print out Influential points are points whose removal would sharply change the regression line Coefficient of Determination gives the percentage of variation in y that is accounted for by the variation in x

Two-Way contingency tables Big Ideas Categorical Data Two-Way contingency tables Marginal Distributions- Row and column totals lead to calculations of the marginal distribution Conditional Distribution- focusing on single rows or columns leads to calculations of conditional distributions Independence- All conditional relative frequency distributions are identical Segmented Bar Charts Always out of a whole

Big Ideas Simpson’s Paradox Occurs when the results from a combined grouping seem to contradict the results from individual groups https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nuoedtpO-xU

Multiple Choice

Free Response

Exploring Data Packet 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.