Darwin

Father of Evolution Evolution: Organisms change over time Theory: a well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world.

Lamarck Tendency towards perfection Use and Disuse Bird’s urge to fly= better wings Use and Disuse Bird’s limbs into wings/ wings back to limbs Inheritance of Acquired traits Muscles to your offspring

As of right now, would you back and believe LaMarck? Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

According to LaMarck, certain traits can be passed on because They are practiced more They can choose which help them in their environment They are randomly acquired None of the above, because we all know traints can’t be passed on 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Malthus Babies were being born faster than people were dying Forces that acted against this growth were: War, Famine and disease. Darwin saw this in plants and animals even more than human ex. Maple trees

Evolution by Natural Selection Struggle for existence Members of each species compete regularly to obtain food, living space, and other necessities of life. Inherited Variation Small genetic variations lead to new traits that could be beneficial or detrimental

What shape would the curve be for the variation in length of earthworms? Mountainous Camel-like A bell Flat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Survival of the fittest = Natural Selection Descent With Modification Each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time Common Descent: all living species descended from the same common ancestor

Evidence of Evolution Fossil Record Darwin Proposed that the earth was millions of years old and from looking at the fossil records in older rocks and fossils from younger rocks scienists could document that life on earth had changes over time.

Different species living in the same region/environment have similar body structures and behaviors Homologous Body Structures Look the same but used differently

Vestigal organs Organs that are still inside bodies of organisms, but aren’t really used anymore. Example: Whale hips Human appendix

The Hitch Natural Selection can only be observed as changes in a population over significant periods of time, not just individuals The changes occur slowly as variation allows for passing on of the traits that best fit the ENVIRONMENT. EXCEPT: When the environment changes suddenly, there may be a sudden shift in traits. Example: Drought, fire, flooding, clear-cutting

Darwin’s Conditions In nature there is a tendency for overpopulation. There is a high death rate. Variations exist in any population. (it follows the bell shaped curve) The variations are inherited. (genetic) Only the organisms with the variations that are suitable to the environment survive. The organisms that survive get to reproduce and pass on their genes! The population changes to match the environment, not individuals!

Do humans come from Apes?

What makes humans unique? Opposable thumb 3D vision Bipedal motion We walk on 2 legs, upright, which means we can move and use our other limbs Prehensile hands We can wrap our hands around objects #2 & #3 lead to hand-eye coordination Which allows us to use tools

Earliest Man on Record Fossils! Early humans referred to as HOMINIDS Skull fossils found allows us to setup a pretty distinctive timeline. Based on what other fossils we find with them. Early humans referred to as HOMINIDS Most early fossils date back to 7,000,000 years ago Most were found in East Africa. Why? It was tropical/subtropical, which made it easier for them to live Dried out over time, made fossilization easy

Did man come from Apes? Or chimps or orangutans….etc. The answer lies in the question… Are the apes still found living on earth? What does natural selection say should have happened if man has come from apes?