Chapter 4 Section 3 The Atlantic Slave Trade Objective: Summarize the Atlantic slave trade & the life of enslaved Africans in the colonies Vocabulary: Atlantic Slave Trade, Triangular Trade, & Middle Passage How well do you think you did on the exam? What were some negative or positive things that may have affected your score? Any difficult questions? Image “West Africa in the Era of the Transatlantic Slave Trade” “Door of no return” What region of the world is this map depicting? What do you notice when you look at this image? What do you think the shaded areas represent? Explain what the picture is… Now with a partner, what do you think the shaded areas represent? What area of Africa was most affected by the transatlantic slave trade? How do you think slaves were transported from the interior to the coast?

Setting the Stage Sugar plantations & tobacco farms required a large supply of workers to make them profitable for their owners Europeans originally used Native Americas as a source of cheap labor but too many died of disease & brutal treatment Eventually, they turned to Africa for workers Why was purchasing slaves cost effective for the slave owners/plantation owners?

The Causes of African Slavery Slavery had existed in Africa for centuries, especially within the Islamic Empire, they transported 17 million African slaves to Muslim lands Europeans saw advantage in using Africans in the Americas (immunity to disease & experience in farming) The buying & selling of Africans for work in the Americas became known as the Atlantic Slave Trade By the end of the slave trade in 1870, 9.5 million Africans had been imported to the Americas Spain & Portugal took an early lead in importing Africans to the Americas Muslims justified enslavement with the Muslim belief that non-Muslim prisoners of war could be bought & sold as slaves Between 650-1600 transported to North Africa & Southwest Asia What religion is North Africa mostly today? Slaves could escape their bondage in numerous ways Lastly, slaves were less likely to escape. Why? 40% of all Africans went to Brazil.

Slavery Spreads Throughout the Americas As England’s presence in the Americas grew, it came to dominate the Atlantic Slave Trade Roughly 400,000 Africans were sold to Britain’s North America colonies By 1830, 2 million slaves lived in the United States Many African rulers & merchants played a willing role in the Atlantic slave trade African merchants captured other Africans to be enslaved & delivered them to the Europeans in exchange for gold, guns, & other goods 1.7 million Africans were transported to the west indies If only 400,000 were sold to North America, how did the population rise to 2 million? Why do you think African merchants were willing participants?

Check for Understanding If 400,000 slaves were sold to the North American colonies & the slave trade stopped, how did the population of slaves rise to 2 million by 1830? Sentence start: I think that the population of slaves rose to 2 million by 1830 because __________________________________.

A Forced Journey Triangular Trade: transatlantic trading network where slaves & other goods were carried between Africa, England, & other colonies in North America The voyage that brought captured Africans to the Americas was known as the middle passage Africans were packed into large ships where they endured whippings & exposure to diseases Nearly 20% of Africans aboard each slave ship died during the brutal trip because of disease & physical abuse European transported goods to West Africa Africans were transported to the West Indies & Merchants bought sugar, coffee, & tobacco in the West Indies & shipped them to Europe What do you think they did with the 20% of Africans who died onboard?

Slavery in the Americas Africans usually were auctioned off to the highest bidder Slaves worked in mines, fields, or as domestic servants They worked long days & suffered beatings Slavery was a lifelong condition as well as hereditary Africans developed a way of life based on their cultural heritage, many kept it alive through music Some slaves openly revolted all over the Americas How do you think they openly revolted?

Consequences of the Slave Trade The slave trade disrupted tribes & tore apart families The slave trade also introduced guns into Africa Africans brought their expertise in agriculture as well as culture with art, music, religion, & goods with them to the new world They greatly contributed to the economic & cultural development of the Americas.

Chapter 4 Section 4 The Columbian Exchange & Global Trade Objective: Describe the Columbian Exchange, global trade, & mercantilism Vocabulary: Columbian Exchange, Capitalism, Joint-Stock Company, Mercantilism, & Favorable Balance of Trade

Setting the Stage The colonization of the Americas dramatically changed the world Colonization resulted in the exchange of new items that greatly influenced the lives of people throughout the world

The Columbian Exchange The global transfer of food, plants, & animals during colonization is known as the Columbian Exchange Ships from the Americas brought thing like tomatoes, squash, pineapples, tobacco, cacao beans, corn, potatoes, & turkey Ships from Europe/Africa brought things like horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, bananas, yams, wheat, rice, & oats Disease was also apart of the Columbian Exchange; like small pox, influenza, typhus, & malaria How does the Columbian Exchange benefit us today? Which foods from Europe surprise you?

Global Trade Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership & on the investment of money in order to make a profit Merchants & traders reinvested those profits in even more investments The increase in economic activity led to an overall increase in many nations’ money supply Joint-stock company is a business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits It was considered a safer way to invest Why would Joint Stock companies be a safer way to invest? If you invest in a business for a million dollars & it crashed how much do you lose? If you and 10 of your friends invest a million dollars & it crashes how much do you lose?

Check for Understanding Option one, you invest in a business for a million dollars & it crashed how much do you lose? Option two, you and 10 of your friends invest a million dollars & it crashes how much do you lose? Why would the 2nd option be a safer way to invest? Sentence starter: The 2nd option would be a safer way to invest because ________________________.

The Growth of Mercantilism Mercantilism is an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth & power by obtaining large amounts of gold & silver & by selling more goods than they bought Favorable balance of trade: an economic situation in which a country sells more good abroad then it buys from other countries Colonies provided raw materials & provided a market for a country to sell its goods to