به نام و یاد خالق هستی هم او که آفرید شور و مستی.

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Presentation transcript:

به نام و یاد خالق هستی هم او که آفرید شور و مستی

فراینددرمان منطقی اصول نسخه نویسی -دکتر علیر ضا مهدانیان ALI REZA MAHDANIAN-MD کارشناس کمیته تجویز منطقی دارو معاونت غذا و داروی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان

Rational use of grugs Definition In simplest words rational use means “prescribing right drug, in adequate dose for the sufficient duration & appropriate to the clinical needs of the patient at lowest cost WHO: The rational use of drugs requires that patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community 11/20/2018 Rational Use of Drugs

Reasons for Irrational use of Drugs 1---Lack of information ; 2---Role models – Teachers or seniors 3---Lack of diagnostic facilities/ Uncertainty of diagnosis – medicine for all possible causes 4---Demand from the patient 5---Patient load 6---Promotional activities of pharmaceutical industries 7---Defective drug supply system & ineffective drug regulation Reasons for Irrational use of Drugs 1-کمبود اطلاعات 2-الگو برداری 3-تشخیص ناصحیح 4-مطالبات بیمار 5-تراکم بیمار 6-تبلیغات کارخانه های دارو سازی 7-کمبود دارو – Nimesulide, enteroquinol

Absolutely Irrational Use 1-تجویز ناصحیح انتی میکروبیال ها 2-ترکیبات غیر ضروری 3-تجویز دارو غیر مرتبط با تشخیش 4-راه تجویز ناصحیح 5-دوز ناصحیح 6-مدت درمان ناصحیح 7-استفاده نامناسب از دارو های گران 8-تجویز بی ملاحظه کورتیکو استرویید 9-تجویز چندین دارو Injudicious use of antimicrobials: Antibiotics in Viral fever and diarrhea Unnecessary combinations Use of drugs not related to diagnosis Incorrect route Incorrect dosing – under or overdose Incorrect duration – prolong or short term use Unnecessary use of expensive medicines Unsafe use of corticosteroids Polypharmacy Rational Use of Drugs

Hazards of Irrational Use 1-درمان غیر موثر 2-تشدید یا طولانی شدن بیماری 3-نگران شدن بیمار 4-افزایش هزینه بیمار 5-افزایش مقاومت میکروبی 6-افزابش عوارض دارویی 7-افزایش موربیدیتی و مورتالیتی Ineffective & unsafe treatment over-treatment of mild illness inadequate treatment of serious illness Exacerbation or prolongation of illness Distress & harm to patient Increase the cost of treatment Increased drug resistance - misuse of anti-infective drugs Increased Adverse Drug Events Increased morbidity and mortality Rational Use of Drugs

مراحل درمان منطقی 1- اخذ شرح حال ، معاینه فیزیکی و .. 2-تشخیص 3-تعیین و شروع برنامه درمانی 4-ارائه اطلاعات لازم به بیمار 5-پیگیری درمان

Steps of rational drug use Step:- I Identify the patient’s problem based on symptoms & recognize the need for action Step:- II Diagnosis of the disease – define the diagnosis Step:- III List possible intervention or treatment (drug or no drug) – Identify the drug Step:- IV Start the treatment by writing an accurate & complete prescription e.g. name of drugs with dosage forms, dosage schedule & total duration of the treatment 11/20/2018

… contd. Step:-V Give proper information, instruction & warning regarding the treatment given e.g. side effects (ADR), dosage schedule & dangers/risk of stopping the therapy suddenly Step:-VI Monitor the treatment to check, if the particular treatment has solved the patient’s problem. Passive monitoring – done by the patient himself. Explain him what to do if the treatment is not effective or if too many side effect occurs Active monitoring - done by physician and he make an appointment to check the response of the treatment

اجزای تشکیل دهنده یک نشخه 1- نام دارو 2-شکل دارو 3-واحد دارو 4-تعداد دارو 5-راه مصرف دارو 6-فواصل مصرف دارو

تجویز غیر منطقی انتی بیوتیک ها

تجویز غیر منطقی انتی بیوتیک ها

تجویز غیر منطقی انتی هیستامین ها ، کورتیکوستروییدها و .....

تجویز غیر منطقی انتی هیستامین ها ، کورتیکوستروییدها و .....

تجویز غیر منطقی انتی بیوتیک ها

تجویز غیر منطقی انتی بیوتیک ها

ده سالی که گذشت

نمونه گزارش ارسالی شاخص های دارویی پزشکان

محتوای گزارشات ارسالی براي پزشکان میانگین اقلام تجویزی نسخ درصد بیماران دریافت کننده داروی تزریقی درصد بیماران دریافت کننده آنتی میکروبیال درصد بیماران دریافت کننده کورتیکوسترویید ده داروي اول تجويز شده از نظر درصد بيماران دريافت کننده

% of primary care patients receiving injections 5-55% of PHC patients receive injections - 90% may be medically unnecessary Source: Quick et al, 1997, Managing Drug Supply 15 billion injections per year globally half are with unsterilized needle/syringe 2.3-4.7 million infections of hepatitis B/C and up to 160,000 infections of HIV per year associated with injections % of primary care patients receiving injections

Overuse and misuse of antimicrobials contributes to antimicrobial resistance Source: WHO country data 2000-3 Malaria choroquine resistance in 81/92 countries Tuberculosis 0-17 % primary multi-drug resistance HIV/AIDS 0-25 % primary resistance to at least one anti-retroviral Gonorrhoea 5-98 % penicillin resistance in N. gonorrhoeae Pneumonia and bacterial meningitis 0-70 % penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae Diarrhoea: shigellosis 10-90% ampicillin resistance, 5-95% cotrimoxazole resistance Hospital infections 0-70% S. Aureus resistance to all penicillins & cephalosporins

آدرس ما : اصفهان خیابان هزار جریب کوچه ششم معاونت غذا و دارو-دفتر وتحقیق و توسعه-کمیته RUD تلفن :36693242