LO: To analyse the speech of Urban II at Clermont Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to… Identify and explain Urban’s reasons for preaching a Crusade E-D. Compare and contrast different source versions of his speech C-B. Evaluate the sources provided for their usefulness and context A-A*

What makes a Just War? Can war ever be “Just”? LO: To analyse the speech of Urban II at Clermont What makes a Just War? Can war ever be “Just”? Identify and explain Urban’s reasons for preaching a Crusade E-D. Compare and contrast different source versions of his speech C-B. Evaluate the sources provided for their usefulness and context A-A*

How might a Medieval person argue for a “Just War”? LO: To analyse the speech of Urban II at Clermont Task: Once you are in and Settled… How might a Medieval person argue for a “Just War”? How would that be Different to the Present day? Identify and explain Urban’s reasons for preaching a Crusade E-D. Compare and contrast different source versions of his speech C-B. Evaluate the sources provided for their usefulness and context A-A*

Hell, and also by avoiding it! LO: To analyse the speech of Urban II at Clermont Medieval people were obsessed by Hell, and also by avoiding it! Identify and explain Urban’s reasons for preaching a Crusade E-D. Compare and contrast different source versions of his speech C-B. Evaluate the sources provided for their usefulness and context A-A*

LO: To analyse the speech of Urban II at Clermont Say hello to…Augustine of Hippo! - Generally considered one of the greatest Christian theologians. -One of the first to assert that a Christian could be a soldier and serve God and country honourably. He claimed that, while individuals should not resort immediately to violence, God has given the sword to government for good reason Identify and explain Urban’s reasons for preaching a Crusade E-D. Compare and contrast different source versions of his speech C-B. Evaluate the sources provided for their usefulness and context A-A*

LO: To analyse the speech of Urban II at Clermont Identify and explain Urban’s reasons for preaching a Crusade E-D. Compare and contrast different source versions of his speech C-B. Evaluate the sources provided for their usefulness and context A-A*

LO: To analyse the speech of Urban II at Clermont Role of Alexios I Threat of Pagans. Persecution of Christians. History of Mercenaries Jerusalem! (of course) Key messages in his speech Spiritually rewarding Pilgrimage. War as a Christian Duty. “Crusading as an act of love” An indulgence that removes need for penitence. - Heaven. Urban II Plans comprehensively. Grand Council Clermont. Choreography! Travelled widely. Used Church and noble networks. What did Urban get out of it… Investiture contest resolved. Conquer Holy land for Rome. Cement position above Princes and Kings. Political status of Papacy and Rome. Divert violence in Europe. Identify and explain Urban’s reasons for preaching a Crusade E-D. Compare and contrast different source versions of his speech C-B. Evaluate the sources provided for their usefulness and context A-A*

Task: Each group has been given a copy of Urban’s LO: To analyse the speech of Urban II at Clermont Lets look at the speech itself…or should we say speeches…?! Task: Each group has been given a copy of Urban’s speech, can you identify the following…   A planned programme of activities across a wide area. Celebrity with voice of authority. Theatrical or dramatic events to grab attention. Exploiting local links. Appealing to powerful human emotions such as fear, guilt and happiness. Exaggeration for effect. Strong emblems or icons Catchphrases! Special offers to those listening. Role of other well known figures. Techniques for something to go “viral”. CHALLENGE: What key word/idea is not mentioned?! Identify and explain Urban’s reasons for preaching a Crusade E-D. Compare and contrast different source versions of his speech C-B. Evaluate the sources provided for their usefulness and context A-A*

LO: To analyse the speech of Urban II at Clermont Lets analyse these a little deeper. Task: With your partner look again At the part of the speech you Have been given… Look at who wrote it and when, can you find any evidence for this in the text? Are there any parts that do not add up “Historically”. - Is there anything the speech fails to mention? Identify and explain Urban’s reasons for preaching a Crusade E-D. Compare and contrast different source versions of his speech C-B. Evaluate the sources provided for their usefulness and context A-A*

LO: To analyse the speech of Urban II at Clermont Would St Augustine have approved? 1. Last Resort A just war can only be waged after all peaceful options are considered. 2. Legitimate Authority A just war is waged by a legitimate authority. 3. Just Cause A just war needs to be in response to a wrong suffered. 4. Probability of Success In order for a war to be just, there must be a rational possibility of success. 5. Right Intention The primary objective of a just war is to re-establish peace . 6. Proportionality The violence in a just war must be proportional to the casualties suffered. 7. Civilian Casualties The use of force must distinguish between the militia and civilians. Identify and explain Urban’s reasons for preaching a Crusade E-D. Compare and contrast different source versions of his speech C-B. Evaluate the sources provided for their usefulness and context A-A*

LO: To analyse the speech of Urban II at Clermont Identify and explain Urban’s reasons for preaching a Crusade E-D. Compare and contrast different source versions of his speech C-B. Evaluate the sources provided for their usefulness and context A-A*

LO: To analyse the speech of Urban II at Clermont Identify and explain Urban’s reasons for preaching a Crusade E-D. Compare and contrast different source versions of his speech C-B. Evaluate the sources provided for their usefulness and context A-A*