Chapter 3- The First Two Years Body and Brain

Body Bodily Changes Brain changes Sleep Motor skills

Moving and Perceiving Motor Skills The first movements are not skills but reflexes, involuntary responses to a particular stimulus.

Moving and Perceiving Some reflexes help insure survival Other reflexes are signs of normal functioning: Babinski reflex. Stepping reflex. Swimming reflex. Palmar grasping reflex. Moro reflex.

Moving and Perceiving The sense of hearing develops during the last trimester of pregnancy and is already quite acute at birth; it is the most advanced of the newborn’s senses. Vision is the least mature sense at birth.

Surviving in Good Health Vaccinations Preventing Sudden Infant Death Syndrome In 1990, about 5,000 babies died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the United States. Risk Factors Putting infants to sleep on their backs reduces the risk but does not eliminate it. Breast Feeding

Infant Cognition Piaget sensorimotor intelligence Assimilation accommodation object permanence

Infant Cognition

Language Learning Early Communication Crying Child-directed Babbling First words Naming explosion Holophrase Grammar acquisition