ARCH 202 History of Architecture

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Presentation transcript:

ARCH 202 History of Architecture Lecture Week 7 Part 1 of 2

Greek Architecture

Crete First Cities 1900 BC, Most destroyed By volcanoes 1625 BC. Knossos – Largest. Survived until 1375 BC. Destroyed by volcano also. Palace remains are under restoration. Social system was similar to feudal system Minotaur – legend of Minotaur comes from King Minos of Crete Atlantis – Legend of Atlantis has been attributed to Crete.

Layout is functional and organic in growth Not Symmetrical or planned Granaries, Industrial uses below Living Areas above Arranged around courtyards Designed to allow air circulation Elaborate drainage and sanitation Provisions Piano Nobile had main residences and political functions

Tiryns and Mycenae Lion’s Gate at entry to each Prostyles and Megarons Greater and Lesser of each Cyclopean Walls – Homer’s Odyssey And the story of the Cyclops

Tombs or Tholoi Treasury of Atreus 1350 BC - circular plan with Corbelled dome roof. Long Dromos leading to Tomb proper. Remains of metallic decoration on walls Strips of colored stone used Illiad Tomb of Agamemnon Homer’s Illiad

Greek Orders Doric Ionic Corinthian

Doric Order Beginnings in Wood Columns Thickest column type height is 4 -7 times width Always 20 flutes Simplest Capital: Abucus Echinus amulets Shaft No Base

Believed derived from influences in Trading with eastern (Egyptian) cultures Thinner column type height is 9 – 10 times width More complex Capital: Volutes amulets Shaft Has Base The Ionic Order

Corinthian Order Later in Greek culture – use was more limited than Doric and Ionian Believed derived from influences in Trading with eastern (Egyptian) cultures and from legend of sculptor Callimachus seeing the grave of a young woman – see B at left. Thinner column type height is 9 – 10 times width like Ionian More complex deeper Capital: Leaf arrangements amulets Shaft Has Base like Ionian columns

Temple elements: Propylae Prostyle Peristyle Pro Naos Naos with statue Opisthodomos

Entasis Secret of proportion in Greek Architecture Correcting for optical deceptions

Most famous Greek Temple Located in Athens Destroyed by Turks in 1800’s Dedicated to Goddess Athena Hermes Artemis Aries Hera Zeus Apollo Hephaestus Athemis Poseidon

The Propylaea – Formal Entrance to the Temple complex

The Parthenon – high point of Greek Architecture

Caryatids Story behind