Introduction to Psychodynamic Counselling Saturday 28th May 2016 10.30 - 4.30pm PC402 Adrian Scott Copyright 2016

Administration The Building Feedback Forms

Adrian Scott MSc Senior MBACP Accredited www.counsellingme.co.uk 07956 292 740 adrianscott@counsellingme.co.uk

Paper Free! pdf files on website Background Please respect the copyright – Do not share www.counsellingme.co.uk 07956 292 740 adrianscott@counsellingme.co.uk

My Experience MBACP Senior Accredited Counsellor MBACP Senior Accredited Supervisor for Individuals and Groups Managed Counselling services in Voluntary Sector Bereaved, Homeless, Mental health, Carers

Expert Not a guru or psychodynamic expert Do not know everything Ideas to be Debated / Challenged

Other City Literary Courses Introduction to the Unconscious Working with Bereavement Living through Bereavement

Morning Session 10.40 Introduction 11am Icebreaker Exercise 12.00 Theory of the Psychodynamic Counselling 1pm Lunch  

Afternoon Session 2 pm Assessment Exercise 3pm Break 3.15pm Theory of the Psychodynamic Counselling 3.45pm Case Examples - Video 4.15pm Round Up / Administration 4.30pm End

Your Experience, Ideas & Examples

Audio Visual Jan Gale – Clinical Assessment Tavistock Clinic Susie Orbach - Radio Case Studies Cardiff Primary School – Organisational Case Study Tavistock Clinic

Learning Outcomes An Understanding of some of the History of the Psychodynamic An Understanding of some of the Theory of the Psychodynamic An Understanding of some of your own Psychodynamics!

The Day Wide range of skills in the room Hope you all get something out of it I am not an expert on the Psychodynamic Approach Encourage you to have your own view

Boundaries Look after yourselves the Psychodynamic Approach can be a difficult and emotive subject Do not say anything you do not want to say. This is not a therapy group! Confidentiality Agreement - All personal information should be kept to this room and with this group of people.

Living a Psychodynamic Life by Adrian Scott Be Sceptical (Greek for Inquiry) Hidden Unconscious Relate to Parental / Family experience in childhood Presenting Past Aware of Repeat Defenses Compulsion Resistance Stages of development Anal, Oral ………… Stuck not completed Attachment How? Why? Bereavement Childhood Relationships

Living a Psychodynamic Life by Adrian Scott Parts of a whole -relating to one another Transference

Living a Psychodynamic Life by Adrian Scott Limited Love Choices / Career choices / Parenting style Common Unhappiness "transform neurotic misery into common unhappiness“ Sigmund Freud Rearrange the Furniture / Unable to change the furniture

Icebreaker Exercise Ask Your Colleague: 1. What brought you here? 2. What is your interest and experience of the subject? 3. What do you want from the day? You will be asked to briefly and concisely to report back what your colleague has told you to the group, and check with your colleague how you did!

What do you want from the Day? Are there any Topics, Issues, that you would like to focus or discuss today? Write on flip chart

10-15 minute Break

Theory of the Psychodynamic Approach

Our Relationship to Theory

The Theory Tool Guide

The Theory of Psychodynamic Counselling Setting the Scene – Vienna in 1880s Hypnotized Example Childhood Example Neurology - The nervous system Conscious/ pre conscious / unconscious Psychoanalysis / Psychodynamic Free Association / Interpretation of Dreams /Unconscious Superego ego id Defense Mechanisms Transference / Counter transference Critique

Theory has its place Not thinking of theory in the room with the client Being with the client Theory - In supervision? So Theory is there for us to pick and choose Theory is there to help and support the being with

Vienna in 1880 Rise of New National States Rapid Increase of progress in Science, Industry, and Commerce. Exploration of remaining area of the world Deep-rooted security in Europe – Hapsburg Empire Universal stable values – men, women, family, class, hierarchy

Vienna in 1880 Strong emphasis on male domination World shaped for men by men.   Male virtues of ambition, aggressiveness, and toughness seen as positive. Education, family life was authoritarian Laws were repressive: corporal punishment the norm.

Vienna in 1880 Class society – Rigid divide between rich and poor Every bourgeois family had domestic servants Relationship between master and servant was unsentimental and authoritarian White mans’ domination of the world was unquestioned

Vienna in 1880 Stars involved in public quarrels, and then making up all in public view. Vienna was - Authoritarian and Rigid culture Women were domestic servants Lots of Leisure time

Vienna in 1880 Public obsession with love Love was a prime concern to men and women People were in love with the idea of love Which set the scene for Hysteria – attributed to women Theory of Sex

Birth of Sexual Psychology In Vienna Sex was Taboo Homosexuality banned Inappropriate relationships with children Sexually deviant behaviour rife Idea that Psychological reasons are at the root of sexual perversions gained ground

Vienna in 1880 Science was used as entertainment. People would go to see famous magicians and scientists performing tricks and doing experiments Hypnotism was performed at shows and was popular entertainment

Drama Audience Theatrical Showman

Hypnosis Example Awake Person is Hypnotised Person given suggestion Trigger - clap hands when hypnotised person hears “Hello” Hypnotiser says “Hello” Person hears command “Hello” and claps their hands Person Woken Up – unaware of Trigger

Hypnosis “Trick”   Awake Person who is unaware of what has happened / Trigger   Hypnotiser says “hello” Hypnotised person claps hands Audience Applause

How? How is the brain able to be hypnotized? Where is the dormant information or trigger stored for future re-activation? Is this the unconscious? Is the unconscious a place where certain thoughts stay separate from the conscious?

Parallel to Hypnosis – Childhood Example Awake child Has a painful experience Child “forgets / stores” experience (suggestion /command /trigger) At later stage in adulthood - “forgotten experience” is remembered by (suggestion /command /trigger ) Adult relives childhood pain

Childhood Teaching Example Child bitten by dog on a hill walk with family Dog Lover Parent blames child. Child hurt. Child “forgets” painful experience Later in life “forgotten experience” is remembered by (suggestion /command/trigger) Adult dislikes hill walking / dogs

Turning Point

Concept of a person 1900s

Concept of a person Post 1900s

“In the modern age we have come to understand our own selves as composites often contradictory, even internally incompatible. We understand that each of us is many different people. Our younger selves differ from our older selves; we can be bold in the company of lovers and timorous before our employers; principled when we instruct our children and corrupt when offered some secret temptation; we are serious and frivolous, loud and quiet, aggressive and easily abashed. The 19th century concept of the integrated self has been replaced by the jostling of I’s and yet unless we are damaged or deranged we usually have a relatively clear sense of who we are. I agree with my many selves to call all of them “me”. Salman Rushdie – Midnight’s Children

Link to Psychodynamic “ I don’t feel myself today” “ I don’t like that side of myself ” “ It just came over me, & I felt so cross with myself ” So the phrase “I felt so cross with myself” becomes I reminds the person of when their parents were actually cross with them. of the fantasy that their parents would be cross with them if they knew of the frustration of the person who might be cross with them of the illustration of the punitive part of the self called the super ego or conscience.

Arrival of Freud!

Sigmund Freud 1856- 1939 Freud studied medicine and neurology at the University of Vienna under Josef Breuer, a Viennese physician. From 1882 to 1886 Freud worked at the General Hospital, and experimented among others with cocaine, also using it himself. He went to Paris in 1885 to study under Jean Martin Charcot at the Salpetriere Hospital. There the hypnotic treatment of women, who suffered from a medical state called ‘hysteria’, led Freud to take an interest in psychiatry.

How? Freud was the first person to attempt to create and record a theory that reaches the unconscious

Freud created Theory of Psychoanalysis

The Theory of Psychoanalysis  AIM: Make the Unconscious Conscious How?  Patient – lies down   Free Association Interpretation of Dreams Unconscious Defense Mechanisms Childhood link to Adulthood  Objects Relations Theory

The Psychoanalyst Own analysis 5-10 years Comfortable and familiar with their own unconscious? Analysis and Interpretation of Resistance Transference and Countertransference Working with defences – repression Anxiety  

Transference Relationship to Psychoanalyst - carried across “Distorted” relationship Repeat aspects of past experiences unconsciously Early relationships worked through in relationship to Psychoanalyst Positive / Negative / Erotic Transference  

Counter-Transference Irrational reaction of psychoanalyst – hinder objectivity Awareness of Psychoanalyst’s own conflicts triggered by client work Inevitable part of therapeutic relationship  

Psychoanalysis & Archaeology Freud’s Desk

Defense Mechanisms   Repression: blocking of memories, emotions, ideas form the conscious   Denial Refusal to accept external reality because it is too threatening Splitting: denying parts of the self that are perceived as unpleasant Delusion, Distortion, Identification, Acting Out, Idealisation, Somatising, Projection, Passive Aggression, Projective Identification, Intellectualising, Regression, Disassociation, displacement, fantasy.

Psychoanalysis to Psychodynamic Freud and the Unconscious Psychoanalysis Jung Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Psychodynamic Counselling

Links Psychoanalysis & Psychodynamic     Freud Psychodynamic Dreams Interpersonal Interpretation Making Links Free Association Presenting Past Lying Down Sitting Up

Characteristics of the Psychodynamic The Frame Face to face talking Transference / Counter transference Resistance Childhood / Parental Attachments

Freud and the Unconscious An iceberg is often used to provide a visual representation of Freud’s theory that most of the human mind operates unconsciously. Conscious mind - ego Unconscious mind Further divided into the id - instincts and drive and the superego – conscience

Iceberg picture here