Department of Information Sciences, University of Zadar, Croatia Name Authority Data Interoperability Conceptual Model FRAD and ISAAR(CPF) Mirna Willer Department of Information Sciences, University of Zadar, Croatia mwiller@unizd.hr 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

Why the topic? Interoperability may be justified by the need of the two communities to share, build and re-use professionally and work-intensively produced, authentic and reliable name authority data in current systems, and in the Semantic Web. This will also enhance resource discovery, as the control over authorized data proves to be ever more important in the web environment where AAA (Anybody can say Anything about Anything) is a rule. 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

Is it methodologically correct...? Is it methodologically correct to “compare/map” a conceptual model – FRAD, and a standard – ISAAR(CPF) stipulating the structure and the content of a finding aid? 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

IFLA / ICA/CDS Activities and publications 1992 1993 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2003 2004 2009 2011 2012 IFLA FRBR WG (1992-1998); FRBR: final study, 1998 ICA ISAAR(CPF) rev. (1993-1995); ISAAR(CPF), 1st ed., 1996 IFLA & ICA Congress, Beijing IFLA, WG on MLAR and the ISADN (1996-1998); Minimal Level [etc.], 1998 ICA/CDS: ISAAR(CPF) & MLAR comparison IFLA WG on FRANAR (1999-2009); FRAD: conceptual model, 2009 ICA/CDS, ISAAR(CPF) revision (2000-2004); ISAAR(CPF), 2nd ed., 2004 IFLA WG FRANAR, on ISAAR, 1st ed. IFLA WG FRANAR, on ISAAR, draft, 2nd ed. Dialogue FRAD, errata IFLA FRBR RG: 2011-consolidation of models ICA/CBPS: harmonization; ICA/AtoM 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

IFLA, FRBR & MLAR: Universal Bibliographic Control Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (1998) Entities: persons, corporate bodies Mandatory Elements for Internationally Shared Resource Authority Records (1998) IFLA goal of Universal Bibliographic Control by way of requiring everyone to use the same form for headings globally is not practical allowing the preservation of national or rule-based differences in authorized forms for headings to be used in national bibliographies and library catalogues that best meet the language and cultural needs of the particular institution's users 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

The Internal Standard Archival Authority Record for Corporate Bodies, Persons and Families (ICA) and the Essential Data Elements for Internationally Shared Resource Authority Records (IFLA): A Comparison and Report (1998) The centrality of provenance as a defining characteristic of archival materials means that archival authority files must include substantive information about the creators of the records vs. the librarian’s emphasis on an economical method of headings control archival authority records share many data elements in common with their bibliographic counterparts. However, archival authority files are intended to serve a broader function than is envisioned for library authority data and therefore will be more detailed in their content. In answering the vital question “can archivists adopt the IFLA model on authority records as theirs,” the answer is YES, but with certain conditions 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

FRAD Entities: Person, Corporate Body, Family Working Group on Functional Requirements And Numbering of Authority Records (FRANAR) (1999-2009) FRAD Entities: Person, Corporate Body, Family Comments on ISAAR(CPF), 1st ed. 1996 (2001) & Draft 2nd ed. (2003) WG on FRANAR to ICA/CDS (2003): Continuing the Dialogue “an interest in our suggestion that it might be possible to develop some sort of a common statement for archives and libraries on authority records” T. Delsey, consultant to WG on FRANAR: Cross-Sector Sharing of Authority Data (section from FRANAR, Draft) 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

T. Delsey: there is potential for cross-sector sharing of authority data; however ... the model may be applicable to those other sectors; however, there are functions and practices unique to each sector ... Nonetheless, the library model in itself does serve to highlight certain structural elements that may complicate cross-sector data transfer. the authority files created by archives centre on entities referred to as persons, families, and corporate bodies, it is unlikely that those entity types as defined in an archival context would parallel directly the similarly named entities in the library model: concepts such as “bibliographic identity”... one individual would be recognized as two or more persons the archival authority record is likely to have been created for use with all documents associated with that body throughout the course of its existence as a legal entity. The library, on the other hand, may require two or more records, each representing the body during the specific period at which it used a particular form of name (not necessarily its legal name) to identify itself in its publications authorized heading established for the archival authority record may or may not be directly transferable to one of the library authority records, depending on whether or not the form and structure of the heading is consistent with the rules governing headings created for the library authority file 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

ISAAR(CPF), 2004: Scope and Purpose 1.5 There are many reasons why separate capture and maintenance of this type of contextual information is a vital component of archival description. [...] enables the linking of descriptions of records creators and contextual information to descriptions of records from the same creator(s) that may be held by more than one repository and to descriptions of other resources such as library and museum materials that relate to the entity in question. 1.8 Archival authority records are similar to library authority records in as much as both forms of authority record need to support the creation of standardized access points in descriptions. 1.9 Archival authority records, however, need to support a much wider set of requirements than is the case with library authority records. [...] archival authority records go much further and usually will contain much more information than library authority records. 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

What did I do? 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

Documents IFLA. Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) by IFLA Working Group on Functional Requirements and Numbering of Authority Records (FRANAR), 2009; Errata (2011) ICA. ISAAR(CPF), 2nd ed., 2004. ICA, CBPS, Sub-committee on archival description. Progress report for revising and harmonising ICA descriptive standards, 4 July 2012, http://www.ica.org/13155/standards/cbps-progress-report-for-revising-and-harmonising-ica-descriptive-standards.html ICA-AtoM's architecture, 2012, https://www.ica-atom.org/doc/UM-1.3 Salvatore Vassallo, 2010. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0, FRAD – ISAAR(CPF) – EAC/CPF – Topic Maps Mapping, http://culturalheritage.wordpress.com/2010/09/23/frad-isaarcpf-eac-cpf-topic-maps-mapping/ 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

Focus on ... as an example FRAD: Bibliographic Universe  “bibliographic identity” vs. ISAAR(CPF): Real-world entities Functions and practices: [NO] Entities and their definitions: Person Form and Structure of Access points – Attributes / Description Area: [NO] Relationships 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

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(Controlled) Access Point ENTITY / Definition FRAD ISAAR(CPF) Person An individual or a persona or identity established or adopted by an individual or group. % Family Two or more persons related by birth, marriage, adoption, civil union, or similar legal status, or who otherwise present themselves as a family. Corporate Body An organization or group of persons and/or organizations identified by a particular name acting as a unit. An organization or group of persons that is identified by a particular name and that acts, or may act, as an entity. Also includes an individual acting in a corporate capacity. (Controlled) Access Point A name, term, code, etc., under which a bibliographic or authority record or reference will be found. A name, term, keyword, phrase or code that may be used to search, identify and locate archival descriptions, including authority records. 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

FRAD relationships: Relationships between primary entity types: generic level [Bibliographic Entities] has appellation (known by) [Names] / is appelation of [Names] is basis for [Controlled Access Point] / is based on 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

(2) Relationships between specific instances of the entities: Persons, Families, Corporate Bodies,... Type of Relationship FRAD ISAAR(CPF) Person↔Person pseudonymous Not a relationship. In ISAAR pseudonyms are in 5.1.5 other forms of name [real name] authorized form of name secular religious official attributive % collaborative ISAAR relationships, 5.3.2 associative sibling family parent/child family (or hierarchical) 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

(3) Relationships between specific instances of the entity and name: various names of Persons, ... Type of Relationship FRAD ISAAR(CPF) Name of Person↔Name of Person earlier name other forms of name temporal (predecessor/successor) later name alternative linguistic form parallel forms of name other variant name 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

(4) Relationships between specific instances of the entity controlled access point Type of relationship FRAD ISAAR(CPF) Controlled Access Point ↔ Controlled Access Point parallel language parallel forms of name alternate script different rules standardized forms according to other rules 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013

... Only a tip of the iceberg: needs further research, preferably in the context of the Semantic Web and Linked Open Data concepts.... 11/20/2018 RAMS, Zadar, 6 - 10 May, 2013