Brîff 7 Munud - Ymddygiad Rhywiol Niweidiol Harmful Sexual Behaviour - 7 Minute Briefing

1. BETH YDYW? 1. WHAT IS IT? Gellir diffinio ymddygiad rhywiol niweidiol fel: Ymddygiad rhywiol gan blant a phobl ifanc dan 18 oed sy’n amhriodol i’w lefel datblygiad, sydd o bosibl yn niweidiol iddyn nhw eu hunain neu eraill, neu sy’n difrïo plentyn, unigolyn ifanc neu oedolyn arall. Mae’r diffiniad hwn o Ymddygiad Rhywiol Niweidiol (YRhN) yn cynnwys ymddygiad cysylltiol a di- gyswllt (meithrin perthynas amhriodol, arddangosiaeth, llygadu a ‘secstio’ neu recordio lluniau o weithredoedd rhywiol gyda ffôn clyfar neu apiau cyfryngau cymdeithasol). Harmful sexual behaviours' can be defined as: Sexual behaviours expressed by children and young people under the age of 18 years old that are developmentally inappropriate, may be harmful towards self or others, or be abusive towards another child, young person or adult. This definition of HSB includes both contact and non-contact behaviours (grooming, exhibitionism, voyeurism and sexting or recording images of sexual acts via smart phones or social media applications).

2. BETH YDYW ? 2. WHAT IS IT? Nid yw camdriniaeth rywiol a berfformir gan blant a phobl ifanc yn rhywbeth anghyffredin. Mae o leiaf traean o’r holl droseddau rhywiol yn erbyn plant a phobl ifanc yn y DU yn cael eu gwneud gan blant a phobl ifanc eraill, a gall graddau’r gamdriniaeth rywiol fod llawer yn uwch. Gwelodd Radford (2011) bod dau draean o unigolion a oedd wedi dioddef o gamdriniaeth rywiol gysylltiol pan oeddent yn blant wedi cael eu cam-drin gan rywun dan 18 oed Sexual abuse perpetrated by children and young people is not a rare phenomenon. At least one- third of all sexual offences against children and young people in the UK are committed by other children and young people, and the extent of sexual abuse may be much higher. Radford (2011) found that two thirds of individuals who had experienced contact sexual abuse as children had been abused by someone under 18

3. MATERION ALLWEDOL 3. KEY ISSUES Mae’n bosibl bod y cynnydd diweddar yn nifer yr achosion a adroddir yn adlewyrchu’n syml y cynnydd sydd wedi bod mewn ymwybyddiaeth gyffredinol o gamdriniaeth rywiol yn erbyn plant dros y ddau ddegawd diwethaf. Rydym yn byw mewn oes ble mae plant yn rhannu lluniau rhywiol ar- lein ac yn ‘secstio' yn feunyddiol. Mae technoleg hefyd yn golygu fod plant yn agored i bornograffi llawer mwy eithafol yn llawer iau, a gall hyn gamystumio'r ffordd y maent yn dod i ddeall The recent increase in reported incidents may simply reflect the increasing awareness of child sexual abuse in general over the past two decades. We live in an age where children sharing sexual images online and through sexting has become ubiquitous. Technology also means that children are being exposed to ever more extreme pornography at an ever earlier age, which can distort the way they come to understand

4. MATERION ALLWEDOL 4. KEY ISSUES Yr amser brig ar gyfer datblygiad YRhN yw ar ddechrau’r glasoed / aeddfedrwydd  Mae oddeutu 90% o bobl ifanc sydd ag YRhN yn fechgyn ifanc er bod tystiolaeth yn ymddangos o gynnydd bach yn nifer y merched sydd ag ymddygiad rhywiol niweidiol hefyd Nodwedd arall ymysg plant sy’n arddangos yw anabledd dysgu o ryw fath Mae gan nifer o blant a phobl ifanc ag YRhN gefndir o gam-drin lluosog ac amddifadedd The peak time for the development of HSB is early adolescence/ onset of puberty  Around 90% of young people who engage in HSB are adolescent boys although evidence is emerging about small but increasing numbers of females whose sexual behaviour is harmful Another feature amongst children who exhibit is a form of learning disability Many children and young people who present with HSB have histories of multiple abuse and disadvantage

5. MATERION ALLWEDOL 5. KEY ISSUES Dylai asesiadau gydnabod y gallai anghenion datblygu sydd heb eu diwallu, problemau ymlyniad, anghenion addysgol arbennig ac anableddau fod yn feysydd perthnasol wrth ddeall ymddygiad camdriniol Mae angen edrych ar bob plentyn gan gynnwys y plentyn sydd ag ymddygiad rhywiol niweidiol, o dan weithdrefnau sy'n cydnabod yr elfen amddiffyn plant ac, o bosibl, yr elfen droseddol sy’n gysylltiedig â'r ymddygiad Mae nifer o rieni sydd â phlant ag YRhN yn unig ac yn ynysig eu hunain; yn aml maent yn wynebu stigma, gwrthodiad a gelyniaeth mewn ymateb i ymddygiad rhywiol eu plentyn Assessments should recognise that areas of unmet development needs, attachment problems, special educational needs and disabilities may be relevant in understanding the abusive behaviour All children including the instigator of the behaviour, need to be viewed as under procedures which recognise the child protection and potentially criminal element to the behaviour Many parents whose children engage in HSB are, themselves lonely and isolated; often facing stigma, rejection and hostility as responses to their child’s sexual behaviour

6. MATERION ALLWEDOL 6. KEY ISSUES Ydw i wedi ystyried a yw YRhN yn arwydd o gamdriniaeth? A yw’r cofnodion yn ddigon manwl i ddarparu trosolwg cywir o’r hyn sy’n digwydd? Sut allwn ni adnabod y rhesymau y tu ôl i ymddygiad y plentyn a chymryd camau i fynd i’r afael â nhw? Ydyn ni wedi ystyried defnydd y plentyn o gyfryngau cymdeithasol a p’un a ydynt yn rhan o unrhyw rwydweithiau sy’n hyrwyddo YRhN? Have I considered that HSB may be an indicator of abuse? Are records sufficiently detailed to provide an accurate overview of what is happening? How can we identify the reasons behind the child’s behaviour and ta.ke action to address them? Have we considered the child's use of social media and whether they are a part of any networks that promote HSB?

7. GWEITHREDU 7. ACTION Dylid ymateb mewn modd cydgysylltiedig i gyhuddiadau o gamdriniaeth rywiol gan blant a phobl ifanc gan gynnwys y Gwasanaeth Troseddau Ieuenctid yn ogystal â'r gwasanaethau cymdeithasol, yr heddlu, gwasanaethau addysg (gan gynnwys seicoleg addysgol a lles addysg), y gwasanaeth iechyd (gan gynnwys gwasanaeth iechyd meddwl plant a phobl ifanc) a gwasanaethau ymddygiad niweidiol arbenigol os ydynt ar gael There should be a co-ordinated approach to allegations of sexual abuse by children and young people that involves the Youth Offending Service as well as social services, police, education services (including educational psychology and education welfare), the health service (including child and adolescent mental health service) and specialist harmful behaviour services where available