Intonation 1

Functions of Intonation Emphasis has higher pitch I bought a red CAR I bought a RED car I bought A red car I BOUGHT a red car I bought a red car 2

Functions of Intonation Mark kinds of sentences Question Statement Command Unfinished sentence Doubt 3

Kinds of sentences Yes/no question (polar). Rising intonation 4

Kinds of sentences Yes/no question (polar). Rising intonation Are you going to the party? Will it be done on time? 5

Kinds of sentences Non-yes/no question (content). Falling intonation Where did you go? Who were you with? 6

Kinds of sentences Statement. Falling intonation I’m at Bob’s house It cost $50 7

Kinds of sentences Command. Falling intonation Put it in the garbage can Be on time 8

Kinds of sentences Tag question. Raising intonation You’re coming, right? He’s the one, isn’t he? You finished, didn’t you? 9

Kinds of sentences Yes/No question with doubt. Falling intonation You were at home at midnight? 10

Kinds of sentences Menacing Yes/No question. Falling intonation Will you get it to me on time? 11

Kinds of sentences Tag question when you assume to know the answer already. Falling intonation He’s the one, isn’t he? You finished, didn’t you? 12

Kinds of sentences Unfinished idea. Suspended intonation I got bananas, pinapples, oil, and staples 13

Kinds of sentences Unfinished idea. Suspended intonation I got bananas, pinapples, oil, and staples I’m going down the road, this car slams on its brakes, I don’t have time to respond, . . . 14

Double negatives Professor: Some languages use two positive words to mean a positive. Some use two negatives to convey negative. But, no language uses two positives to convey a negative. 15

Double negatives Professor: Some languages use two positive words to mean a positive. Some use two negatives to convey negative. But, no language uses two positives to convey a negative. Student: Yeah, right (or yeah,yeah) 16

Declination We start a sentence at a high pitch Pitch lowers to the end of the sentence Next sentence starts on a high pitch again 17

Declination We start a sentence at a high pitch Pitch lowers to the end of the sentence Next sentence starts on a high pitch again Same thing happen in tone languages High tone early in sentence is higher than at the end 18

Syntax marking What is intonation difference? She read and graded papers She read, and graded papers 19

Syntax marking What is intonation difference? She read and graded papers She read, and graded papers Bill, knit me a sweater Bill knit me a sweater 20

Double negatives Professor: Some languages use two positive words to mean a positive. Some use two negatives to convey negative. No language uses two positives to convey a negative. Student: yeah, right 21

Intonation Melodies 22

Intonation Melodies Melody tends to fall on end of long sentences On the night of July 13, 1987 did you see the defendant at the party? 23

Intonation Melodies Experiment found people could distinguish question and statement sentences in the first few syllables 24

Upspeak Giving statements a rising intonation So, I call my boss, and the phones busy, so I send him a text, and he doesn’t answer. 25

Upspeak Giving statements a rising intonation So, I call my boss, and the phones busy, so I send him a text, and he doesn’t answer. Documented in US, AU, UK 26

Upspeak Giving statements a rising intonation So, I call my boss, and the phones busy, so I send him a text, and he doesn’t answer. Documented in US, AU, UK Common among younger women 27

Intonation in Tone Languages How do they do it? 28

Intonation in Tone Languages How do they do it? They don’t e.g. questions are marked with question word 29

Intonation in Songs How do they do it? They don’t e.g. questions are marked with question word 30

Intonation in Songs How do they do it? 31

Intonation in Songs How do they do it? They don’t 32

Falsetto Very high pitch 33

Falsetto Very high pitch Expresses extra emphasis 34

Falsetto Very high pitch Expresses extra emphasis There’s no WAY I’m getting up at 4 Are YOU CALLING ME a LIAR? 35

Tone How do we represent? 36

Tone How do we represent? Assumption: adjacent syllables with same tone are linked to one tone on tone tier 37

Tone How do we represent? Assumption: adjacent syllables with same tone are linked to one tone on tone tier 38

Tone How do we represent? Assumption: adjacent syllables with same tone are linked to one tone on tone tier 39

Tone Obligator Contour Principle Two identical adjacent tones must be linked to the same tone on the tonal tier. Two adjacent identical tones are not permitted 40

Tone Why do we assume Instead of 41

Tone Process: H > L after word ending in L 42

Tone Correct representation of tones 43

Tone Correct representation of contour tones Rising tone How would you represent a falling tone? 44

Tone Correct representation of contour tones Rising tone How would you represent a falling tone? 45

Tone How would you represent a falling then rising tone? 46

Tone How would you represent a falling then rising tone? 47