Unit 14 – Acid, Bases, & Salts Properties of Acids and Bases Properties Common Uses Neutralization and Salts Indicators Print 1-11, 13

HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– A. Definitions Acids Dissociate in water to form hydronium ions (H3O+) Proton donors HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– H H O O Cl Cl H H H H

NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- A. Definitions Bases Dissociate in water to form hydroxide ions (OH-) Proton acceptors NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- H H N O N O H H H H H H H H

HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– A. Definitions Conjugate Acids & Bases A conjugate base remains when an acid donates an H+. HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– H H O O Cl Cl H H H H

NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- A. Definitions Conjugate Acids & Bases A conjugate acid remains when a base accepts an H+. NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- H H N O N O H H H H H H H H

Conjugate Acid-Base Pair two substances related by the loss or gain of a single H+.

Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 B. Properties ACIDS BASES sour taste sing. rep. rxn w/ metals form H2 gas conduct turn litmus red bitter taste slippery feel conduct turn litmus blue Red Ac-ed Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl2 + H2

B. Properties Acetic acid HC2H3O2 Vinegar Carbonic acid H2CO3 Sodas Hydrochloric acid HCl Stomach acid Nitric acid HNO3 Fertilizer, industry Ascorbic acid C6H8O6 Vitamin C Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Battery acid

B. Properties Sodium hydroxide NaOH Drain cleaner, soap Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Antacid, laxative Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Concrete, plaster Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 Deodorant, antacid Ammonia NH3 Cleaner, fertilizer

C. Neutralization and Salts Neutralization – chemical reaction between an acid and a base making … HCl + NaOH  NaCl + HOH H2O = ACID + BASE  SALT + WATER

C. Neutralization and Salts KOH + HNO3  H2O + KNO3 Acid? Base? Salt? donates H+ OH- accepts H+ neutral KNO3

C. Neutralization and Salts Sodium chloride NaCl flavoring, preservative Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 glass Potassium chloride KCl salt substitute to reduce sodium Potassium iodide KI Added to table salt for more iodine Magnesium chloride MgCl2 De-icer for roads Calcium carbonate CaCO3 Chalk and marble Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 Fertilizer, cold packs

D. Indicators Indicator changes color in an acid or base Examples: litmus - red/blue phenolphthalein - colorless/pink red cabbage juice - pink/green

D. Indicators Universal Indicator

Quick Quiz! 1) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acids? A) tastes sour B) turns litmus red C) feel slippery D) react with metals to form H2 gas 15

Quick Quiz. 2) Which compound is most likely to act as an acid and why? A) H2O B) NH3 C) NaOH D) H2SO4 b/c it can donate an H+ 16

Quick Quiz. 3) When a neutralization takes place, one of the products is always… A) carbon dioxide B) a salt C) sodium chloride D) a precipitate (not just NaCl) 17

Quick Quiz. 4) A(n) _________ changes color in an acid or base. A) precipitate B) salt C) ammonia solution D) indicator 18