ESSENTIAL QUESTION TO WHAT EXTENT HAVE MEETINGS BETWEEN

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Presentation transcript:

ESSENTIAL QUESTION TO WHAT EXTENT HAVE MEETINGS BETWEEN NATIONS AND PRESSURE GROUPS BEEN IMPORTANT IN HIGHLIGHTING ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND MANAGING THE BIOSPHERE?

INTERNATIONAL PROTOCOLS MONTREAL Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer Signed 16 September 1987 Location Montreal Effective 1 January 1989 if 11 states have ratified by then. Condition ratification by 20 states Signatories 46 Ratifiers 197 (all United Nations members, as well as Niue, the Cook Islands, the Holy See and the European Union) Depositary Secretary-General of the United Nations Languages Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.

INTERNATIONAL PROTOCOLS RIO DE JANEIRO United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC logo Signed 9 May 1992 Location New York City, US Effective 21 March 1994 Condition ratification by 50 states Signatories 165 Ratifiers 196 (all United Nations member states, as well as Niue, Cook Islands and the European Union)[1] Depositary Secretary-General of the United Nations Languages Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish

INTERNATIONAL PROTOCOLS KYOTO Kyoto Protocol Signed 11 December 1997 Location Kyoto Effective 16 February 2005 Condition Ratification by 55 States to the Convention, incorporating States included in Annex I which accounted in total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I Signatories 83 Parties 192 Depositary Secretary-General of the United States Languages Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish

INTERNATIONAL PROTOCOLS BALI Bali Declaration on Transitioning to Low Global Warming Potential Alternatives to Ozone Depleting Substances We, the Parties to the Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer and its Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, having met in Bali, Indonesia from 21 to 25 November 2011, Cognizant that certain ozone depleting substances have high global warming potential and that the mitigation of ozone depleting substances could contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.