Read chapter 23 introduction - 23.2 Reading quiz Wed (Notes checked) Circulatory System Read chapter 23 introduction - 23.2 Reading quiz Wed (Notes checked) General function/purpose of the circulatory system?

Structures (organs) of the circulatory system

Anatomy

Pulmonary Circuit Systemic Circuit

Anatomy of Heart

Cardiac Cycle

Conduction system of the heart

Comparison of Arteries, veins, capillaries

Artery Vein Arteriole Venule Fig. 23-7c Capillary Epithelium Basal lamina Valve Epithelium Epithelium Smooth muscle Smooth muscle Connective tissue Connective tissue Artery Vein Arteriole Venule

How would you test changes in circulatory rates?

Possible solutions Nicotine Ethanol Acetaminophen or ibuprofen Caffeine Adderall Make a hypothesis for each of the solutions above

Effects of common chemicals on Circulatory Rates in Goldfish

Lab Report Hypotheses Procedure Data Discussion/conclusion What will you measure? Table Appropriate graph (line or bar?) Discussion/conclusion Hypotheses supported? Research chemicals Why these results? Include a short application where you could apply to real life

Composition (components) of blood

Liquid portion that carries many dissolved materials (proteins, ions) Function in clotting Function in the immune response: defense against invading microorganisms Transport oxygen

Blood Solvent  carries substances Osmotic balance Buffer (pH) Clotting Defense

Formation of blood cells Develop from pluripotent cells in red marrow of various bones Stem cells that can develop into any blood cell type or platelet forming cell Controlled by a kidney hormone  erythropoietin

Exchange of materials Capillaries have very thin walls Capillaries have very thin walls Substances can cross through these thin walls Between blood and interstitial fluids (fluid outside of blood that surrounds all tissues/cells) Student Misconceptions and Concerns 1. One function of the circulatory system that is rarely discussed is the transport of heat. Blood vessels near the surface of the body expand when we are overheated, releasing some of this excess to the environment. Conversely, during periods of exposure to cold, blood is shunted away from the skin to conserve heat. Teaching Tips 1. Figure 23.11B depicts the movements of fluid out of and back into capillaries because of changes in osmotic pressure. The text references Module 24.3 for further discussion of the role of the lymphatic system in fluid removal. If you do not plan on addressing Chapter 24, consider covering the role of lymphatic vessels in your discussion of Chapter 23. 2. Students who have little practice interpreting electron micrographs might benefit from a closer analysis of Figure 23.11A, in which an electron micrograph is paired with explanatory figure. For example, simply recognizing nuclei in micrographs can be an important starting point in interpreting cellular details. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Nucleus of epithelial cell Capillary lumen Capillary wall Interstitial fluid Nucleus of epithelial cell Figure 23.11A A capillary in cross section. Muscle cell Clefts between the epithelial cells of the capillary wall

Blood and interstitial fluid exchange substances by Blood and interstitial fluid exchange substances by Diffusion  substances moving from high to low concentration Pressure  pushes fluid through clefts (spaces) between epithelial cells Blood pressure forces fluid out of capillaries at the arterial end Osmotic pressure draws in fluid at the venous end Student Misconceptions and Concerns 1. One function of the circulatory system that is rarely discussed is the transport of heat. Blood vessels near the surface of the body expand when we are overheated, releasing some of this excess to the environment. Conversely, during periods of exposure to cold, blood is shunted away from the skin to conserve heat. Teaching Tips 1. Figure 23.11B depicts the movements of fluid out of and back into capillaries because of changes in osmotic pressure. The text references Module 24.3 for further discussion of the role of the lymphatic system in fluid removal. If you do not plan on addressing Chapter 24, consider covering the role of lymphatic vessels in your discussion of Chapter 23. 2. Students who have little practice interpreting electron micrographs might benefit from a closer analysis of Figure 23.11A, in which an electron micrograph is paired with explanatory figure. For example, simply recognizing nuclei in micrographs can be an important starting point in interpreting cellular details. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Tissue cells Osmotic pressure Osmotic pressure Arterial end of capillary Venous end of capillary Blood pressure Blood pressure Figure 23.11B The movement of fluid into and out of a capillary. Interstitial fluid Net fluid movement out Net fluid movement in

Blood flow through capillaries can be regulated Why would this be necessary?

Blood clotting

Question: starting in the left atrium, list in order the structures that the blood would flow through before returning to the left atrium