4.02 Understand the Functions of the Urinary System

4.02 Understand the functions of the Urinary System Essential Questions What are the functions of the urinary system? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand functions of Urinary System Excretion Formation of urine Fluid and electrolyte balance Elimination of urine

Understand the functions of the urinary system Excretion What is excretion? Removing nitrogenous waste material, certain salts, and excess water from the blood 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Excretion Why does the body have excretory functions? It is the way of ridding the body of: extra fluid hormones excessive electrolytes. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Excretion What is the composition of wastes excreted by the urinary system? Waste excreted by the urinary system contains: Salts Nitrogenous (wastes) (ex: Ammonia) Water 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Excretion How is it relevant to health? Without excretion the body will have a toxic buildup that can be fatal. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Filtration Reabsorption Secretion 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Filtration Blood from renal artery enters glomerulus High pressure in glomerulus forces fluid into Bowman’s capsule, where it is filtered 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Filtration BOWMAN’S CAPSULE As the filtrate continues through nephron, 90% of water is reabsorbed—what would happen if reabsorption here failed? Dilute urine would be produce, water is being excreted not reabsorbed into the blood Bowman’s capsule filters out 125cc of fluid/min. …how many cc’s per hour is this?

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Reabsorption What substances are reabsorbed? Glucose Amino acids Vitamins Sodium Where do they go? Back in renal capillaries What is reabsorption? The process that reabsorbs useful substances from the filtrate within the renal tubules If blood levels of certain substances are high, the substances will not be reabsorbed. How does this help maintain homeostasis? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Reabsorption If blood levels of certain substances are high, the substances will not be reabsorbed. How does this help maintain homeostasis? Reabsorption keeps substances in correct levels allowing for optimum cellular function 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Secretion What is secretion? Opposite of reabsorption 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Secretion Describe how this process is the opposite of reabsorption…. Secretion transports substances from blood into collecting tubules.

Secretion What substances are secreted into the collecting tubules? Electrolytes

Understand functions of urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Electrolytes are selectively secreted to maintain body’s acid-base balance. What are electrolytes? Is a compound which produces ions when dissolved in a sollution such as water. These ions have either a positive or negative electrical charge. What do they do? Maintain homeostasis 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand functions the Urinary System Fluid and electrolyte balance Control of urinary secretions and reabsorption by two control areas: Chemical control ADH: antidiuretic hormone Aldosterone Nervous control 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control ADH – Antidiuretic hormone Aldosterone 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control ADH is created by hypothalamus in brain and released by the posterior pituitary gland What is the function of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)? Controls reabsorption

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control The amount of ADH produced is related to the level of body hydration

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control What factors regulate the release of ADH? ADH tells your kidneys how much water to conserve (reabsorb). ADH constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in your blood.

Understand the functions of the urinary system Forming more dilute urine: Define “dilute urine” What are diuretics? Chemicals that inhibit reabsorption of water What effect do they have on the production of urine? Diuretics increase urine output. Give examples of substances that have diuretic effects. Ex. coffee, watermelon, drugs

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control Aldosterone Where does it come from? Aldosterone release is the result of the renin-angiotensin system. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control Aldosterone What does this mean? What does it do? Aldosterone helps regulate sodium and potassium levels in the body. This helps control blood pressure and the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the blood. The kidney hormone renin normally stimulates the adrenal glands to release aldosterone.

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance What effect does this cycle have on your blood pressure?

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Nervous control How does the nervous system control urinary secretions? Direct control through nerve impulses on kidney blood vessels. Indirect control through stimulation of endocrine glands

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Understand the functions of the urinary system The flow of electrolytes Review urine formation, electrolyte exchange, and some factors that effect urine volume. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system review What do you predict will happen to blood pressure when the blood volume increases? Blood volume increases, blood pressure increases What if blood volume decreases? Blood volume decreases, blood pressure decreases 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system review If more water is reabsorbed back into the body---what will happen to urine concentration? (more or less concentrated?) 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Elimination of urine What causes the bladder to empty? Voiding is involuntary but controlled through nervous sytem (voluntary) Is this a voluntary or involuntary action? Both What can prevent urination? Generally bladder stones How is urinary retention treated?

Understand the functions of the urinary system Elimination of urine Urinary output Average urinary output = 1500 ml per day *How many ounces is this? What effects the color of your urine? Body pigment, urochrome and hydration levels. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Urinalysis An examination of urine What does normal urine look like? If everything is normal and healthy, the color should be pale yellow to gold. Very dark urine can mean that you are dehydrated. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Urinalysis What could the presence of blood in urine indicate? What is the medical term for this condition? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Urinalysis Where would excess glucose show up? In urine What does this mean? Pancrease not secreting enough insulin 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Urinalysis 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions of the Urinary System Essential Questions What are functions of urinary system? How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the urinary system? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system