Date: 2018-02-07 Place: Geneva, Switzerland May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 IEEE 802.15.13 Multi Gbit/s Optical Wireless Communication Joint Workshop with ITU-T Q18/SG15 Date: 2018-02-07 Place: Geneva, Switzerland Authors: Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Abstract This presentation contains an overview of recent work in the IEEE 802.15 task group TG13 “Multi Gbit/s Optical Wireless Communication” for the joint workshop with the ITU-T Q18 SG15 G.vlc project. Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Table of Content Introduction to 802.15.13 group May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Table of Content Introduction to 802.15.13 group History of OWC in 802.15 Motivation, Use-cases and Technologies TG13 Scope Structure of TG13 draft D2 based on the 802.15.7r1 with major changes Introduction into MAC and PHYs targeted in TG13 Timeline in TG13 Questions from G.vlc to TG13 Questions from TG13 to G.vlc Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

History of OWC in IEEE 802.15 802.15.7-2011 Non-directed May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 History of OWC in IEEE 802.15 802.15.7-2011 Non-directed P2MP using white light and multiple colors Device classes: Infrastructure, Mobile, Vehicle 3 PHYs 11-266 kb/s (PHY1) , using OOK and VPPM 1.25-96 Mb/s (PHY2), using OOK and VPPM 12-96 Mb/s (PHY3) using Color Shift Keying (CSK) Only low speed modes were ever implemented Limited penetration into the market, mostly in Korea Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 History of OWC in IEEE 802.15 802.15.7r1 originally intended as revision to include OCC, but quite wide scope Li-Fi people joined in 2015 when task group was just established Optical Camera Communications (OCC) Using cameras in handsets or specific cameras in cars Low-speed communications with high angular resolution (via pixels) Allows high-density scenarios (e.g. traffic jam) Broadcast topology only Various new PHY modes 802.15.7r1 today D2 recently passed through 802.15 WG letter ballot w/o Li-Fi 802.15.7r1 = 802.15.7 + OCC Li-Fi is considered by new task group TG13 Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 History of OWC in IEEE 802.15 802.15.13 Established March 2017 in Dajeon (Korea) Dedicated PHYs and MAC for Li-Fi Reasons for split OCC and Li-Fi together in 802.15.7r1 became intractable Two sub-committees in one room, no interaction OCC just needs simplest MAC (broadcast topology) Li-Fi needs more complex MAC (coordinated topology) New MAC needs new standard  new task group TG13 Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Motivation of TG13 Many new world records for high data rates May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Motivation of TG13 Many new world records for high data rates Up to 10 Gb/s short-range using RGBY LEDs Several 100 Mb/s single-color in wide beams (few meters) New technologies, not included in 802.15.7 Discrete multi-tone (DMT, also denoted as DC-OFDM) Closed-loop rate adaptation Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) Mobility support between Li-Fi cells Mobility support between Li-Fi and RF Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Use Cases January 2018 Indoor, Office, Home Data center, Industrial, May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Use Cases Indoor, Office, Home Data center, Industrial, Secure Wireless Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Use Cases Vehicular Communications May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Use Cases Vehicular Communications Wireless Backhaul, e.g. for small radio cells, video surveillance, LAN bridging Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Technologies Limited bandwidth of LED (10-20 MHz, with advanced drivers up to 200 MHz) Indoor lighting is bright  high SNR High spectral efficiency + high bandwidth enable Gbit/s data rates DC-OFDM offers reasonable performance-complexity trade-off Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Technologies Superposition of LOS and NLOS May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Technologies Superposition of LOS and NLOS channels, due to diffuse reflections Depends on K-factor (ratio between LOS and diffused light) K-factor is not always high Ripple and fades In mobile scenarios, any K can happen at any time  Rate-adaptive transmission Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Technologies User is served by multiple luminaries May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Technologies User is served by multiple luminaries Overlapping Li-Fi cells need horizontal handover + interference management Non-overlapping Li-Fi cells need vertical handover to Wi-Fi  mobility support is essential for users in larger areas Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 TG13 Scope This standard defines a Physical (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) layer using light wavelengths from 10,000 nm to 190 nm in optically transparent media for optical wireless communications. The standard is capable of delivering data rates up to 10 Gbit/s at distances in the range of 200 meters unrestricted line of sight. It is designed for point-to-point and point-to-multi point communications in both non-coordinated and coordinated topologies. For coordinated topologies with more than one peer coordinator there will be a master coordinator. The standard includes adaptation to varying channel conditions and maintaining connectivity while moving within the range of a single coordinator or moving between coordinators. Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Structure of TG13 D2 Draft history May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Structure of TG13 D2 Draft history TG13 work is legacy of 802.15.7-2011 and work on 802.15.7r1 Early drafts for 802.15.7r1 = 802.15.7-2011 + OCC + Li-Fi 2 new Li-Fi PHYs 3 new PHYs for OCC New MAC layer procedures for both, OCC and Li-Fi Initial Draft for 802.15.13 = Early 802.15.7r1 w/o OCC and PHYs 1 and 3 Further simplifications and overall consolidation Simplification of previous MAC procedures from 802.15.7-2011 Consolidation of new PHYs and MAC layer to support Li-Fi features Slide 14 Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

MAC Layer in TG13 Topologies General trend has been to simplify May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 MAC Layer in TG13 Topologies P2P Star Broadcast Coordinated (new) General trend has been to simplify MAC from 802.15.7-2011 while adding any new features Guideline is 802.15.4-2015 Slide 15 Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 MAC Layer in TG13 Consensus to support coordinated topology by means of distributed MIMO PHY Needs new tools in each PHY Explicit MIMO pilots for channel sounding, implicit MIMO pilots for data transport Corresponding PHY frame types Slide 16 Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

MAC Layer in TG13 Advanced network functionalities May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 MAC Layer in TG13 Advanced network functionalities Relaying Heterogeneous RF&OWC No consensus on relaying so far Consensus to support heterogenous RF&OWC at master coordinator level Slide 17 Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Physical Layers in TG13 Low-bandwidth OFDM PHY (LB PHY) May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Physical Layers in TG13 Low-bandwidth OFDM PHY (LB PHY) Low bandwidth (5…20 MHz), high spectral efficiency (6 bps/Hz): <100 Mbit/s Targeting low-energy transmission  battery-/USB-powered mobile devices Derived from 802.11n and tailored to allow DMT (real-valued waveform) High-bandwidth OFDM PHY Shannon’s theorem C=B*log2(1+SNR) Spectral Efficiency LB OFDM PHY Pulsed Modulation PHY Bandwidth Slide 18 Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Physical Layers in TG13 High-bandwidth OFDM PHY (HB PHY) May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Physical Layers in TG13 High-bandwidth OFDM PHY (HB PHY) High bandwidth (25…1.000 MHz), high spectral efficiency (10 bps/Hz): <10 Gbit/s Derived from G.hn (2015) by scaling bandwidth up to 1 GHz Support for distributed MIMO was added Pulsed Modulation PHY (PM PHY) New design from some TG13 members (ETRI, VLNcomm, HHI) High bandwidth (3-200 MHz) and low spectral efficiency (PAM-16): < 100 Mbit/s Increased bandwidth and low SNR  power-efficient PHY for advanced frontends Reed Solomon, PAM, 8B10B Line Code or Hadamard-Coded Modulation (HCM) Variable MCSs through PAM and #of codes used in HCM numerology is similar to HB PHY (G.hn), support for distributed MIMO Slide 19 Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Physical Layers in TG13 Where to use what PHY? May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Physical Layers in TG13 Where to use what PHY? LB PHY: use of low-cost optical frontends and easily achieve moderate data rates HB PHY: use advanced optical frontends and achieve moderate-to-high data rates (downlink) PM PHY: use advanced optical frontends and achieve low-to-moderate data rates (uplink) LB PHY is mainly intended for current mass market applications (MBB) HB PHY is useful for eMBB, as it is scalable from moderate up to very high data rates PM PHY is useful for mMTC, as it is scalable from moderate down to lower data rates All PHYs are useful for URLLC, as they provide distributed MIMO support Slide 20 Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

TG13 Call for Proposals on OFDM-based PHYs May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 TG13 Call for Proposals on OFDM-based PHYs TG13 requests revised proposals for OFDM-based PHYs, in the agreed-upon writing style PPDU format, Preamble (Synchronization sequence, Channel estimation sequences), Header content, Header check sequence, Channel coding for the header, Channel coding for data with variable code rate, Scrambler, Interleaver Proposals shall be submitted until April 20 and will be discussed at the next interim meeting in Warsaw. Proposals can be submitted as slides or text being accompanied by a slide set. Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Timeline in TG13 January 2018 March 2017 (Vancouver) May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Timeline in TG13 March 2017 (Vancouver) - PAR and CSD for TG13 got approved, new contributions discussed April 2017 Additional comments against 15.7m submission May 2017 (Daejeon ) - Comments resolution against D1 of TG7r1 June 2017 Generate D0 of TG13 Comment submission July 2017 (Berlin) Commen resolution Decision on LC in 802.11  MAC Ad-hoc meeting in Berlin after Plenary August 2017 Comment submission against D0 September 2017 (Kona) Finalize comment resolution against D0 October 2017 Generate D1 of TG13 November 2017 (Orlando) General discussion about PHY and MAC, Work on text December 2017 - Comment submission against D1 until 1st January 2018 January 2018 (Irvine) Comment resolution against D1 PM PHY proposals February 2018 Generate D2 of TG13 Working on OFDM PHY proposals Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Slide 22 Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Timeline in TG13 January 2018 March 2018 (Rosemont) May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Timeline in TG13 March 2018 (Rosemont) Resolution of first comments against D2 Further Discussion on PM PHY April 2018 Submit further comments against D2 Submissions for OFDM PHY May 2018 (Warsaw) Finalize comment resolution against D2 Presentations for OFDM PHY June 2018 Create D3 July 2018 Resolve first comments against D3 Discussion on OFDM PHY August 2018 Comment submission against D3 September 2018 Comment resolution against D3 Final changes to PHY and MAC Technical Freeze of TG13 Spec October 2018 Create D4 Submit D4 to WG letter ballot November 2018 Resolve WG LB comments December 2018 Release D5 Submit to SB January 2019 SB Comment Resolution Start submission to RevCom February 2019 Get on the telco agenda Get the standard published Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Further information Previous contributions on Li-Fi in TG7r1 (until March 2017) https://mentor.ieee.org/802.15/documents?is_dcn=DCN%2C%20Title%2C%20Author%20or%20Affiliation&is_group=007a More recent contributions on Li-Fi in TG13 (since March 2017) https://mentor.ieee.org/802.15/documents?is_dcn=DCN%2C%20Title%2C%20Author%20or%20Affiliation&is_group=0013 Access to TG13 draft specification requires voting rights in 802.15 or presence at IEEE 802 plenary or interim meetings Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Questions from G.vlc to TG13 May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Questions from G.vlc to TG13 Q: … A: … Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Questions from TG13 to G.vlc May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 January 2018 Questions from TG13 to G.vlc Q: What PHYs are being used in G.vlc? A: … Q: How to resolve coexistence betw. PHYs from G.vlc and 802.15.13? Q: Under what conditions G.hn PHY could be integrated into 802.15.13 MAC? Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Thank you！ January 2018 May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)