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REVIEW OF MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLES

Measurement finding the size or amount of some quantity, and expressing it as a number of defined units When you measure, you compare a known amount, called a standard to an unknown amount.

Brief History of Measurement Ancient people used objects such as ropes, stones and sticks to measure other objects They also created units based on the human body parts such as arms, hands and feet

Brief History of Measurement Old units used: Cubit – distance from the man’s elbow to the tip of his middle finger Palm- width of the person’s four fingers excluding the thumb

Brief History of Measurement Old units used: 3. Uncia – width of the person’s thumb 4. Yard – based on the distance from the tip of the person’s nose to the tip of the middle finger

Brief History of Measurement Ancient people used the king’s foot as the standard unit for buying, selling and trading

System of Units 1. SI System Modernized version of the metric system Officially known as International System of Units Fully developed in the Philippines under Batas Pambansa No. 8

System of Units 2. English System First adopted in England and later became widely used in the United States Also known as FPS System Foot-pound-second Other units are inch, yard, mile and horsepower

Fundamental Properties Properties that cannot be described in simpler terms other than how they are measured

Fundamental Properties Length Meter “m” 2. Mass kilogram “kg” 3. Time Second “s”

Fundamental Properties 4. Temperature Kelvin the triple point of water at 273.16 K (0.01 °C; 32.02 °F). defined as 1/273.16 of the difference between these two reference points.

Fundamental Properties 5. Amount of substance Mole amount of pure substance containing the same number of chemical units as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12 (i.e., 6.023 X 1023) an amount containing Avogadro's number of whatever units are being considered

Fundamental Properties 6. Electric Current Ampere  measure of the amount of electric charge passing a point in an electric circuit per unit time with 6.241 × 1018 electrons, or one coulomb per second constituting one ampere

Fundamental Properties 7. Luminous Intensity Candela  power emitted by a light source in a particular direction, weighted by the luminosity function (a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths)

Derived Quantities Properties such as volume density, area, speed, etc. obtained from the combination of the fundamental quantities

Some Common SI and Derived units 1. Area derived from the SI base unit meter

Some Common SI and Derived units 2. Volume also derived from the SI base unit meter 3. Density mass per unit volume

Some Common SI and Derived units 4. Force/Weight units used to express force and weight

Some Common SI and Derived units 5. Temperature The SI base unit is Kelvin but degree Celcius or centigrade is commonly used 6. Pressure The SI unit is newton per square meter and officially called Pascal (Pa)

Some Common SI and Derived units 7. Energy The SI unit is joule (J) The ability to do work 8. Power The rate of doing work The SI unit is Watt(W) or Joule per second

Conversion Equivalents 1. Mass 1kg = 1000g = 2.2 lbs 1lb = 16 oz = 454 g 1ton = 2000 lbs

Conversion Equivalents 2. Length 1km = 1000 m 1 in = 2.54 cm 1m = 3.28 ft = 39.37 in 1mi = 1.609 km = 5280 ft 1 yd = 3ft; 36 in; 0.5 fathom

Conversion Equivalents 3. Volume 2 tablespoons = 1 ounce = 1/8 cup 8 ounces (16 tablespoons) = 1 cup 2 cups = 1 pint = 16 ounces 2 pints = 1 quart = 4 cups = 32 ounces 4 quarts = 1 gallon = 16 cups = 128 ounces 1 L = 1000 cm3 = 1000 ml since 1 ml = 1cm3

Conversion Equivalents 4. Pressure 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr = 101325 Pa = 101.325 kPa = 14.7 psi = 1.01325 bar

Conversion Equivalents 5. Power 1 kw = 1000 w 1 hp = 746 w = 550 lb ft / s

Conversion Equivalents 6. Energy 1 kJ = 1000 J 1 cal = 4.186 J 1kcal = 1000 cal = 1 Cal

Greek Prefixes Equivalents Deca da 101 Hecto h 102 Kilo k 103 Mega M 106 Giga G 109 Tera T 1012 Peta P 1015 Exa E 1018 Zetta Z 1021 Yotta Y 1024

Greek Prefixes Equivalents Deci d 10-1 Centi c 10-2 Milli m 10-3 Micro um 10-6 Nano n 10-9 Pico p 10-12 Femto f 10-15 Atto a 10-18 Zepto z 10-21 Yocto y 10-24

Reflection: Lk.6:38 “Give and gifts will be given to you; a good measure, packed together,shaken down, and over flowing, will be poured into your lap. For the measure with which you measure will in return be measured out to you.”

Sample Problems: Convert the following quantities (from SI to English) a. 245 m to in b. 75 cm to ft c. 1453 kg to lbs d. 345 g to oz e. 190 gal to qts.

Convert the following quantities (from English to SI) a. 45 lbs to g b. 75 0z to kg c. 500 in to km d. 579 ft to m e. 145 mi to cm 25 gal to pints 25 ms to ns 180 lbs to kg

Convert the following quantities of energy, power and pressure 100 Pa to atm 345 J to cal 128.9 bar to psi 590 lb-ft/s to hp 990 psi to torr 345 w to hp 450 atm to psi

Sample conversion using prefixes B. From Prefix to base unit 2 Mbytes to bytes 156.25 pm to m 500 Eg to g

Sample conversion using prefixes C. From Prefix to Prefix 1. 250 MPa to GPa 2. 234 um to dam 3. 7.5 TJ to mJ 4. 450 Pg to Eg 5. 795 hg to Mg

Sample Conversion of Quantities Made up of Two Units Convert the following a. 24 ft/s2 to m/s2 b. 500 km/hr2 to ft/s2 c. 75 in/s2 to km/hr2 d. 100 lb/ft3 to kg/m3 e. 239 kg/m3 to g/cm3

Diad Activity: Convert the following units: a. 2.55 mi/hr to in/min b. 200 yd to cm c. 2.75 km to mi d. 300 m/min2 to ft/s2 e. 40 g/cm3 to lb/ft3

Group Activity: Title: MARKET BRIGADE Procedure: Using the permanent groupings in the laboratory, go to the market near you and have a survey of the vendor’s weighing scale by comparing it with your one kilo mass. Compute the deficit in measurement if there is any:

Pattern of the Project: What to appear on the second page? Meat section 1._______________________ 2._______________________ 3._______________________ 4._______________________ 5._______________________ Actual measurement: Deficit:

Pattern of the Project: B. Vegetable Section 1.______________________ 2.______________________ 3.______________________ 4.______________________ 5.______________________ Actual Measurement: Deficit:

Pattern of the Project: C. Fruit Section 1.______________________ 2.______________________ 3.______________________ 4.______________________ 5.______________________ Actual Measurement: Deficit:

Pattern of the Project: C. Seafood Section 1.____________________ 2.____________________ 3.____________________ 4.____________________ 5.____________________ Actual Section: Deficit:

Questions: 1. As a responsible citizen, what plan of action will you do to encourage honesty among vendors? 2. How will you protect the consumers?

Reminders for Documentation: Submit the written output 3 days after the giving of this task. Use the pattern: font size/type: Arial, 12 Pictures are allowed to be attached on the last page. Make your output as comprehensive as possible

Reminders for Documentation What to appear on the first page? Market Brigade in Measurement A Requirement in Science and Technology IV (Physics) Prepared by: ___________________ IV- St.Anthony Presented to:

j. 4.506 km/hr3 to in/s3 Convert the following quantities: a. 345 ft/s2 to mi/min2 b. 76 lb/ft3 to g/cm3 c. 205 MPa to EPa d. 10 dag to fg e. 56 ms to zs f. 589 hm to Pm g. 467 km/hr to in/min h. 500 m/s to cm/day 782 lb/m3 to kg/cm3 j. 4.506 km/hr3 to in/s3

Quiz no. 3 in Measurement

Supply a comprehensive definition of the following terms: 1. Measurement 2. Derived quantities 3. Candela 4. Meter 5. English system 6. SI system 7. Kelvin 8. Fundamental quantities

Supply a comprehensive definition of the following terms: 9. Mole 10. Ampere

B. Perform the indicated operation: Express the final unit in terms of “meter” 3.45 dm + 2.34 hm + 38 km 3.45 Em + 5.7 mm + 9.5 nm 50 fm + 4.55 am + 3.5 m 900 dam – 23 cm + 1 pm 700 hm + 1 Em – 20 Pm

B. Convert the following units 45 lb/ft3 to oz/in3 200 cm/s to km/min 500 kg/in3 to g/cm3 980 g/L to kg/ml 4 mi/s to cm/day