“Monotheistic Belief Systems” Chart then answer the following question: How are Islam, Judaism, & Christianity similar? How are they different?
Deity/Leader: God & Jesus Christianity Where: Church Holy Book: Bible Day of the week: Sunday Deity/Leader: God & Jesus
Day of the week: Saturday Deity/Leader: God and Moses Judaism Where: Synagogue Holy Book: Torah Day of the week: Saturday Deity/Leader: God and Moses
Deity/Leader: God and Muhammad Islam Where: Mosque Holy Book: Koran Day of the week: Friday Deity/Leader: God and Muhammad
Islamic Achievements Activity For each slide, guess what area of achievement you think the image is depicting. You will see the actually answers as we continue.
#1
Islamic Achievements Number System: Islamic scholars borrowed Indian number system & spread it through Mediterranean “Arabic” numbers include groups of ten & concept of zero 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, etc.
#2
Islamic Achievements Algebra: Developed “Al-Jabar” (algebra) to solve difficult mathematical problems Substitute x, y, z for numbers in order to solve math problems
#3
Islamic Achievements Chemistry: Islamic scholars were the 1st to separate chemical compounds from one another Led to developments in modern chemistry
#4
Islamic Achievements Navigation: Astrolabe—sailors could reliably determine location by using the fixed position of stars Lateen sail—triangular sails allowed merchants to sail with and into the wind
#5
Islamic Achievements Banking: Muslim caliphs created banks throughout the empire that extended credit to merchants Muslim trade grew because merchants could cash checks in any Islamic bank in the empire
#6
Islamic Achievements Education: Scholars translated Greek, Persian, Indian, Arabic texts in the “House of Wisdom” This open-mindedness kept alive many Greek ideas that would have died otherwise
#7
Islamic Achievements Art: Muslim artists used geometric & floral designs rather than painting people or animals Left very unique artistic style Calligraphy is a beautiful writing style that shows honor for the written material
#8
Islamic Achievements Chess: Indian game made popular by Muslims offered an intellectual challenge
#9
Islamic Achievements Literature: Poetry considered to be greatest Islamic artistic style; usually sung & kept short Arabian Nights is a collection of folktales about a genie in magical lamp
#10
Islamic Achievements Architecture: Muslims built beautiful mosques to show respect for Allah Used domes, columns, golden writing, & geometric designs
Motivations for Crusades Crusades became a religious, economic, & political conflict Religious—defeat Muslims & retake holy lands, spread Christianity Economic—gain trade routes Political—unite Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox Christianity, prove Pope’s power
Fighting the Crusades Between 50,000-60,000 knights became Crusaders to defeat Muslims; came from present-day France, Italy, Germany, England, Scotland, Spain First Crusade—was only successful Crusade; claimed 400 miles of land from Edessa to Jerusalem in 1099; created 4 feudal states (Edessa, Acre, Triploi, Jerusalem), each ruled by a French noble
Path of the Crusades
CHRISTIANS MUSLIMS
Fighting the Crusades After the First Crusade, Muslims took back Jerusalem & Edessa, which led to more Crusades that the Muslims won Fourth Crusade—crusaders never fought Muslims but fought Byzantines; looted & burned Constantinople; these actions forever divided Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Islamic Achievements Activity For each slide, guess what area of achievement you think the image is depicting. You will see the actually answers as we continue.
#1
Islamic Achievements Number System: Islamic scholars borrowed Indian number system & spread it through Mediterranean “Arabic” numbers include groups of ten & concept of zero 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, etc.
#2
Islamic Achievements Algebra: Developed “Al-Jabar” (algebra) to solve difficult mathematical problems Substitute x, y, z for numbers in order to solve math problems
#3
Islamic Achievements Chemistry: Islamic scholars were the 1st to separate chemical compounds from one another Led to developments in modern chemistry
#4
Islamic Achievements Navigation: Astrolabe—sailors could reliably determine location by using the fixed position of stars Lateen sail—triangular sails allowed merchants to sail with and into the wind
#5
Islamic Achievements Banking: Muslim caliphs created banks throughout the empire that extended credit to merchants Muslim trade grew because merchants could cash checks in any Islamic bank in the empire
#6
Islamic Achievements Education: Scholars translated Greek, Persian, Indian, Arabic texts in the “House of Wisdom” This open-mindedness kept alive many Greek ideas that would have died otherwise
#7
Islamic Achievements Art: Muslim artists used geometric & floral designs rather than painting people or animals Left very unique artistic style Calligraphy is a beautiful writing style that shows honor for the written material
#8
Islamic Achievements Chess: Indian game made popular by Muslims offered an intellectual challenge
#9
Islamic Achievements Literature: Poetry considered to be greatest Islamic artistic style; usually sung & kept short Arabian Nights is a collection of folktales about a genie in magical lamp
#10
Islamic Achievements Architecture: Muslims built beautiful mosques to show respect for Allah Used domes, columns, golden writing, & geometric designs