Introduction to Biology Week 9

Agenda Turn in any work due, please LRC Quiz Notes and questions, Chapter 22, 23, and 24 Virtual Labs Homework

Pine Cones

Chapter 22: Being Organized and Steady 22.1 The Body’s Organization Animal’s bodies are composed of specialized cells Cells of the same type form a tissue Organs are made of tissues, function depends on the tissue it contains

Group of organs with similar functions for the organ system All the parts together form the organism Cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism

Tissue types: Epithelial: cover body surfaces and line body cavities Connective: binds and supports body parts Muscular: moves the body Nervous: receives stimuli and conducts nerve impulses

Epithelial Tissue- protection Internal and external surfaces Shapes: Squamous- flattened Cuboidal-cube Columnar-rectangles/pillars

Psudostratified-looks layered Make up glands Constantly replacing the cells due to injury and use, but can become cancerous

Connective Tissue- Connect and Support Binds organs together Generally separate cells with a matrix (non cellular material) that can be solid to fluid Loose fibrous tissue: below epithelial and connects tissue to other tissue; protects organs Adipose (fat) under skin and around organs

Bone: most rigid connective tissue Dense fibrous tissue: forms tendons (muscle to bone) and ligaments (bones to bones) Cartilage: ends of bone and ribs, in nose, and in respiratory passages Bone: most rigid connective tissue

Blood: cells suspended in a liquid matrix called plasma Transports oxygen and nutrients and removes wastes from cells Distributes heat Protect us from disease

Types of cells: Red: transport oxygen White: fight infection Platelets: fragments of cells that help clotting

Muscular Tissue- movement Three types: Skeletal (voluntary): attached to bonds , have striated appearance Cardiac: in the heart only Smooth (visceral): found in walls of organs, contracts more slowly than skeletal

Nervous Tissue- Communication Coordinates body parts and allows response to environment Needs sensory input

Nerve cell is called a neuron, made of three parts: Dendrites- conducts signals toward nerve body Cell body- nucleus Axon- transmits to other nerve cells Neuroglia: cells that support and nourish neurons (make up large amount of brain)

22.2 Organs and Organ Systems Transport Systems Cardiovascular: blood, heart, blood vessels Lymphatic: vessels, lymph, lymph nodes Immune system: thymus, spleen, blood cells

Maintenance Systems Control Systems Respiratory: lungs, trachea Urinary: kidneys, bladder Digestive: teeth, liver, pancreas Control Systems Nervous: brain, spinal cord, nerves Endocrine: glands (thyroid, adrenal)

Sensory/ Motor Systems Integumentary: skin Skeletal: bones Muscular: muscles Reproductive Organs vary in males and females

22.3 Homeostasis Although exterior conditions change, internal conditions must stay within certain ranges Homeostasis: constancy of the internal environment- sugar levels, temperature, fluid levels etc.

Body systems work together to maintain homeostasis Primary method to keep homeostasis is called negative feedback, sensor detects a change and then there is a response to return system to normal

Questions and Labeling Complete the questions on separate paper as needed. Complete labeling on copied paper.

Homework Don’t forget about your paper- see syllabus and rubric for instructions Complete virtual labs Read the remaining chapters in part VI

Paper Resources www.lirn.net/auth Patron ID: 33421 ProQuest or InfoTrac Search Find a scientific paper that followed a scientific method (to analyze)

Answer these questions: Was the problem addressed using the scientific method? Identify the independent and dependent variables. What were the results? Were solutions found? If so, what were they? What actions are needed? (what other research should be done?)

Paper should be about 2 pages APA style

Virtual Labs www.mhhe.com/maderessentials2 Blood Pressure Muscle Stimulation Virtual Frog Dissection (need sound)