Chromosome Structure

Chromosome Number

Prokaryotic Cell Division

Eukaryotic Cell Division

Cell Cycle

Cytokinesis

Prokaryotic Cell Division Eukaryotic Cell Division Chromosome Number Prokaryotic Cell Division Eukaryotic Cell Division Chromosome Structure Cell Cycle Cytokinesis $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500

This molecule makes up Chromosomes

What is DNA?

Eukaryotic DNA coils around these proteins

What are Histones?

Six billion pairs of these make up DNA

What are nucleotides?

Control activity of specific areas of DNA

What are Nonhistone proteins?

Identical halves of a chromosome

What are sister chromatids?

Chromosome number found in human somatic cells

What is 46?

Last two possible chromosomes on a karyotype

What is XX or XY (sex chromosomes)?

Human egg and sperm with only 23 chromosomes have this chromosome number

What is 1n or haploid?

All the chromosomes in an organism except X and Y

What are autosomes?

Number of copies of each autosome found in the body cell of an organism

What is two?

Example of a common prokaryote

What are bacteria?

Characteristic that groups all Prokaryotes together

What is no nucleus & no membrane-bound organelles?

Type of reproduction used by bacteria

What is asexual?

Daily Double!!

Division of prokaryotic cells is called this

What is binary fission?

Comparison of daughter cells formed when a bacterial cell divides

What is identical?

Organelle in eukaryotes where DNA is found

What is the nucleus?

Division of body cells is called this

What is mitosis?

Cell division that occurs in the ovaries & testes

What is Meiosis?

Most common type of reproduction used by unicellular eukaryotes

What is mitosis?

Fastest method of reproduction in eukaryotes

What is mitosis?

The longest phase of the cell cycle

What is interphase?

Shortest phase of the cell cycle

What is cytokinesis?

Phase of the cell cycle in which the nucleus divides

What is mitosis?

Phase of the cell cycle when DNA is copied

What is the S phase?

Phase where cells exit the cell cycle and don’t divide or copy DNA

What is the Go phase?

This part of a cell undergoes division

What is cytokinesis?

Cytokinesis begins during this mitotic stage

What is telophase?

This forms and divides animal cells

What is a cleavage furrow?

This forms and divides plant cells

What is a cell plate?

The amount of organelles a cell has immediately following cytokinesis

What is one-half?

Double Jeopardy!!

Mitotic Spindle

Organelles and their functions

Metabolism

Meiosis I

Meiosis II

Membrane structure and function

ORGANELLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS METABOLISM Mitotic Spindle ORGANELLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Meiosis II Meiosis I MEMBRANE STRUCTURE & FXN $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000

Mitotic phase in which the spindle begins to form

What is prophase?

Pair of cylindrical bodies in animal cells that forms the spindle

What are centrioles?

Spindle fibers are made of these structures found in the cytoplasm

What are microtubules?

Spindle fibers that attach to the centromere of a chromosome pair

What are kinetochore fibers?

Spindle fibers that extend completely across a dividing cell

What are polar fibers?

Situated just outside the plasma membrane, this structure is composed of glycoproteins secreted by the cell.

What is the Extracellular Matrix

Provide channels between adjacent animal cells through which ions, sugars, and other small molecules can pass.

What are Gap junctions?

Channels that perforate adjacent plant cell walls and allow the passage of some molecules from cell to cell.

What are plasmodesmata?

Single membrane-bound compartments in the cell responsible for various metabolic functions that involve the transfer of hydrogen from compounds to oxygen, producing Hydrogen peroxide.

What are peroxisomes?

These fibers make up the cytoskeleton:

What are Microtubules, Microfilaments, and intermediate filaments?

The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions, managing the material and energy resources to the cell.

What is metabolism?

Two pathways involved in metabolism, one leads to the release of energy by the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds. The second pathway consumes energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones.

What are catabolic, and anabolic pathways?

The reactant that the enzyme acts on.

What is the substrate?

Reversible inhibitors tat compete with the substrate for the active site on an enzyme.

What are competitive inhibitors?

The energy that is available to perform work when the temperature of a system is uniform.

What is free energy?

Phase in which DNA coils into chromosomes

What is Prophase I?

Two structures that disassemble at the beginning of Meiosis I

What is the nucleolus & nuclear envelope?

The pairing of homologous chromosomes

What is synapsis?

Number of chromosomes in a tetrad

What is four?

Daily Double!!

Exchange of genes that occurs during Meiosis I

What is crossing-over?

This process occurs before Meiosis I, but Not before Meiosis II

What is copying DNA?

Spindle fibers reform in this phase

What is Prophase II?

Chromosomes are found here during Metaphase I

What is the equator?

Organs in which Meiosis occurs

What are the testes and ovaries?

Daily Double!!

Chromosome number of cells at the end of Meiosis II

What is 1n or haploid?

The process by which ions and hydrophilic substances diffuse across the cell membrane with the help of transport proteins.

What facilitated diffusion?

In passive diffusion, a substance travels from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated along this gradient.

What is the concentration gradient?

This type of solution will cause the cell to lose water to its surroundings.

What is Hypertonic?

An ATP pump that transports a specific solute indirectly, and drives the active transport of other substances.

What is cotransport?

When a cell wraps pseudopodia around a solid particle and brings it into the cell.

What is phagocytosis?

Final Jeopardy Certain substances bind to specific receptors on the cell’s surface, and this causes a vesicle to form around the substance and then to pinch off into the cytoplasm.

What is Receptor-mediated endocytosis?