Research Methods: Concepts and Connections First Edition Michael Passer Research Methods: Concepts and Connections First Edition Chapter 10: Experimentation and Validity Clicker Questions Questions by Melissa Terlecki, Cabrini College © 2013 by Worth Publishers

Chapter 10 1. Which category of inference assumes an effect would unlikely be due to chance? inferences about constructs statistical inferences causal inferences inferences about generalizability

Chapter 10 (Answer) 1. Which category of inference assumes an effect would unlikely be due to chance? inferences about constructs statistical inferences causal inferences inferences about generalizability

Chapter 10 2. Which type of validity would be in question if a math exam measured memorization ability and not necessarily mathematical understanding? construct statistical conclusion internal external

Chapter 10 (Answer) 2. Which type of validity would be in question if a math exam measured memorization ability and not necessarily mathematical understanding? construct statistical conclusion internal external

Chapter 10 3. Which type of validity relies on assumptions and even when findings are robust, violations of these assumptions must be minimized? internal external construct statistical conclusion

Chapter 10 (Answer) 3. Which type of validity relies on assumptions and even when findings are robust, violations of these assumptions must be minimized? internal external construct statistical conclusion

Chapter 10 4. Internal validity does NOT concern: ruling out other plausible explanations. control of confounding variables. the generalizability of findings. the assumption that one variable had a causal effect on another.

Chapter 10 (Answer) 4. Internal validity does NOT concern: ruling out other plausible explanations. control of confounding variables. the generalizability of findings. the assumption that one variable had a causal effect on another.

Chapter 10 5. Which is NOT an area of generalizability addressed through external validity? generalizability across development generalizability across populations generalizability across settings generalizability across species

Chapter 10 (Answer) 5. Which is NOT an area of generalizability addressed through external validity? generalizability across development generalizability across populations generalizability across settings generalizability across species

Chapter 10 6. During a study of romantic relationship happiness, numerous participants break-up with their partners. This is an example of which source of threat? history maturation testing instrumentation

Chapter 10 (Answer) 6. During a study of romantic relationship happiness, numerous participants break-up with their partners. This is an example of which source of threat? history maturation testing instrumentation

Chapter 10 7. Which source of threat involves participants dropping out of the study? regression to the mean attrition selection history

Chapter 10 (Answer) 7. Which source of threat involves participants dropping out of the study? regression to the mean attrition selection history

Chapter 10 8. The key to addressing many threats to internal validity is through: replication. a large number of trials. randomization. large sample sizes.

Chapter 10 (Answer) 8. The key to addressing many threats to internal validity is through: replication. a large number of trials. randomization. large sample sizes.

Chapter 10 9. Which refers to a group of randomly selected participants who do not initially receive treatment, but do so after the experiment ends? differential attrition randomized control trial wait-list control group replication

Chapter 10 (Answer) 9. Which refers to a group of randomly selected participants who do not initially receive treatment, but do so after the experiment ends? differential attrition randomized control trial wait-list control group replication

Chapter 10 10. Which is an example of a response to demand characteristics? a participant performing poorly on a writing task because it is difficult a participant answering honestly on a survey of sexual behavior a participant responding quickly on a memory task because they believe it is timed a participant showing up late to an experiment because they do not care

Chapter 10 (Answer) 10. Which is an example of a response to demand characteristics? a participant performing poorly on a writing task because it is difficult a participant answering honestly on a survey of sexual behavior a participant responding quickly on a memory task because they believe it is timed a participant showing up late to an experiment because they do not care

Chapter 10 11. Which is NOT an effective way to reduce experimenter expectancy effects? rigorous training of experimenters automating instructions and procedures masking telling experimenters of the hypothesis

Chapter 10 (Answer) 11. Which is NOT an effective way to reduce experimenter expectancy effects? rigorous training of experimenters automating instructions and procedures masking telling experimenters of the hypothesis

Chapter 10 12. In an experiment, all participants are given coffee to drink to look at the effects on hyperactivity. Which group would receive decaffeinated coffee (but believe it to be caffeinated)? control group placebo control group experimental group yoked control group

Chapter 10 (Answer) 12. In an experiment, all participants are given coffee to drink to look at the effects on hyperactivity. Which group would receive decaffeinated coffee (but believe it to be caffeinated)? control group placebo control group experimental group yoked control group

Chapter 10 13. If all participants in an experiment score really high on a measure, and we are not sure if they could’ve done better because they “maxed out” on the measure, it would be an example of (a): ceiling effect. floor effect. regression to the mean. sensitivity.

Chapter 10 (Answer) 13. If all participants in an experiment score really high on a measure, and we are not sure if they could’ve done better because they “maxed out” on the measure, it would be an example of (a): ceiling effect. floor effect. regression to the mean. sensitivity.

Chapter 10 14. After experimental procedures are complete, participants may receive additional information regarding the expectations of the study. This is called: debriefing. manipulation check. sensitivity. pilot study.

Chapter 10 (Answer) 14. After experimental procedures are complete, participants may receive additional information regarding the expectations of the study. This is called: debriefing. manipulation check. sensitivity. pilot study.

Chapter 10 15. Which type of replication involves adding a new design element to the original study? pilot study direct replication conceptual replication replication and extension

Chapter 10 (Answer) 15. Which type of replication involves adding a new design element to the original study? pilot study direct replication conceptual replication replication and extension