1ST – 3RD DECLENSIONS

1ST DECLENSION (in –a)

SINGULAR Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative a subject am object Genitive ae of _____ Dative ae to/for ______ Ablative ā by/with/from _________

PLURAL Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative ae subject ās object Genitive ārum of _____ Dative īs to/for ______ Ablative īs by/with/from _________

VOCABULARY ancilla, -ae f maid aqua, -ae f water fēmina, -ae woman hasta, -ae f spear īnsula, -ae f island īra, -ae f anger nauta, -ae m sailor patria, -ae f fatherland pecūnia, -ae f money poēta, -ae f poet puella, -ae f girl sagitta, -ae f arrow terra, -ae f land, earth turba, -ae f crowd via, -ae f road, street

2ND DECLENSION (in –us, -er) If the nominative singular ends in –er, all the other endings are added after this instead of replacing it. The `e’ is retained in words like puer (puerum, puerī etc.) but dropped in those like ager (agrum, agrī etc.)

SINGULAR (MASCULINE) Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative us, -er, -ir subject Vocative: -us > -e, -ius > ī address Accusative um object Genitive ī of _____ Dative ō to/for ______ Ablative ō by/with/from _________

PLURAL Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative ī subject ōs object Genitive ōrum of _____ Dative īs to/for ______ Ablative īs by/with/from _________

VOCABULARY ager, agrī m field amīcus, -ī m friend cibus, -ī m food crocodīlus, -ī m crocodile discipulus, -ī m student dominus, -ī m master equus, -ī m horse fīlius, -ī m son gladius, -ī m sword lupus, -ī m wolf medicus, -ī m doctor porcus, -ī m pig puer, puerī m boy servus, -ī m slave

SINGULAR (NEUTER) Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative um subject Accusative um object Genitive ī of _____ Dative ō to/for ______ Ablative ō by/with/from _________

PLURAL (NEUTER) Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative a subject Accusative a object Genitive ōrum of _____ Dative īs to/for ______ Ablative īs by/with/from _________

VOCABULARY templum, -ī n temple ātrium, -ī n atrium oppidum, -ī n town tablīnum, -ī n study computātrum, -ī n computer

3RD DECLENSION There are a large number of possible endings for the nominative/vocative singular. Notice that in some nouns the nominative singular is identical with the genitive singular (e.g. cīvis, cīvis m.f., iuvenis, iuvenis m.f.) 13

SINGULAR (MASC./FEM.) Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative VARIOUS subject Accusative em object Genitive is of _____ Dative ī to/for ______ Ablative e (may be either - ī by/with/from _________ or –e if nom. and gen. sing. are the same, as in cīvis and iuvenis) 14

PLURAL (MASC/FEM) Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative ē s subject Accusative ēs [also –īs if the object Gen. plural is –ium] Genitive (i)um of _____ Dative ibus to/for ______ Ablative ibus by/with/from _________

GENITIVE PLURAL Normally –ium is used if the noun is non-increasing (i.e. has the same number of syllables in the nominative singular and the other cases, as with cīvis, cīvis m/f) or if the stem in the genitive singular is a single syllable ending in two consonants (e.g. urbs, urbis f, city. However, there are a few non-increasing nouns which have just –um, including words for family members (pater, māter, frāter) and iuvenis.

MASCULINE AND FEMININE NOUNS (LEVEL 2) cīvis,cīvis m./f. citizen iuvenis, iuvenis m./f. young person mīles, mīlitis m. soldier mōns, montis m. mountain mors, mortis f. death mulier, mulieris f. woman nāvis, nāvis f. ship senex, senis m. old man soror, sorōris f. sister urbs, urbis f. city uxor, uxōris f. wife virtūs, virtūtis f. virtue

SINGULAR (NEUT) Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative VARIOUS subject Accusative VARIOUS object Genitive is of _____ Dative ī to/for ______ Ablative e /-ī by/with/from _________ If the nominative singular ends in –e, -al or –ar (e.g. mare, maris n, sea), the ablative singular ends in – ī. Other 3rd declension neuter nouns take only -e

PLURAL (NEUT) Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative (i)a subject Accusative (i)a object Genitive (i)um of _____ Dative ibus to/for ______ Ablative ibus by/with/from _________ If the nominative singular ends in –e, -al or –ar (e.g. mare, maris n, sea, animal, animālis n, animal), the nom/acc plural ends in - ia and the gen. plural in –ium.

NEUTER NOUNS iter, itineris journey nōmen, nōminis name vulnus, vulneris wound mare, maris sea animal, animālis animal

mortibus

to/for deaths by/with/from deaths

fēminae

of woman to/for woman women (subj)

maria

seas (subj) seas (obj) 26

servō

to/for slave by/with/from slave

iuvenem

young man (obj)

îrâ

by/with/from anger

nāvem

ship (obj)

pecûniârum

of monies

animālī

to/for animal by/with/from animal

computātrō

to/for computer by/with/from computer

nōminibus

to/for names by/with/from names

ancillîs

to/for maids by/with/from maids

cīvī

to/for citizen by/with/from citizen

oppidîs

to/for towns by/with/from towns

cīvis

citizen (subj) of citizen

marī

to/for sea by/with/from sea

poēta

poet (subj)

aquîs

to/for waters by/with/from waters

medicōrum

of doctors

nautae

sailors (subj) of sailor to/for sailor

îram

anger (obj)

cīvī

to/for citizen by/with/from citizen

marium

of seas

urbīs

cities(obj)

hasta

spear (subj)

urbīs

cities (obj)

gladiōs

swords (obj)

nōminum

of names

hastârum

of spears

uxōrem

wife (obj)

porcō

to/for pig by/with/from pig

însulâs

islands (obj)

sorōrum

of sisters

agrum

field (obj)

pecûniam

money (obj)

sagittâs

arrows (obj)

maris

of sea

magistrī

teachers (subj) of teacher

fēminam

woman (obj)

nautâs

sailors (obj)

însulîs

to/for islands by/with/from islands

nāvis

ship (subj) of ship

servus

slave (subj)

sagitta

arrow (subj)

montīs

mountains (obj)

puerō

for/by boy by/with/from boy

iuvenibus

for/by young men by/with/from young men

puellâ

by/with/from girl

poētâs

poets (obj)

animâlia

animals (subj) animals (obj)

aquâs

waters (obj)

equī

horses (subj) of horse

patriam

fatherland (obj)

puellârum

of girls

tablīnō

to/for study by/with/from study

nāvium

of ships

fēminîs

to/for women by/with women

patris

of father

hastam

spear (obj)

mīlitēs

soldiers (subj or obj)

magister

teacher (subj)

senum

of old men

hastae

spears (subj) of spear to/for spear

puellam

girl (obj)

nāvibus

to/for ships by/with ships

patria

fatherland (subj)

muliere

by/with/from woman

îra

anger (subj)

sorōrem

sister (obj)

aquam

water (obj)

maribus

to/for seas by/with/from seas

vulnus

wound (subj or obj)

poētâ

by/with/from poet

iter

journey (subj or obj)

puellâs

girls (obj)

terrae

lands (subj) of land to/for land

coniugibus

to/for spouses by/with/from spouses

turbae

crowds (subj) of crowd to/for crowd

fīliī

of son sons (subj)

domine

master (voc)

ducem

leader (obj)

viam

street (obj)

gladiōrum

of swords

tempestāte

by/with/from storm

fēminârum

of women

lupe

wolf (voc)

mare

sea (subj) sea (obj)

uxōrēs

wives (subj or obj)

puellae

girls (subj) of girl to/for girl

pecûniae

monies (subj) of money to/for money