Evolution of Tetrapod Vertebrates inferred from fossil record

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Presentation transcript:

Evolution of Tetrapod Vertebrates inferred from fossil record Labyrinthodonts – first tetrapod amphibians  Rhipidistians – crossopterygian lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii) Placoderms – first jawed fishes Ostracoderms – jawless fishes

Cladogram of key taxa in evolution of tetrapods

Eusthenopteron foordi (Sarcopterygii: Crossopterygii) Devonian Quebec

Panderichthys rhombolepis (Sarcopterygi: Crossopterygii) Devonian Latvia

Tiktaalik rosseae Sarcopterygian Fish Devonian 375 MY

Labyrinthodont amphibians - the earliest tetrapods Carboniferous Acanthostega Ichthyostega

Acanthostega Labyrinthodont Amphibian Acanthostega Labyrinthodont Amphibian

facweb.furman.edu

Eusthenopteron and Acanthostega classical reconstruction

Behavior of fossil species can be difficult to interpret Frogfishes (Antennarius) have limb-like fins but they never leave the water …

Periophthalmus …but mudskippers do, and they don’t even have lungs

Sarcopterygians, do have lungs African lungfishes cuaght in small water-hole Sarcopterygians do have lungs African lungfishes caught in small water-hole

Ichthyostega – a temnospondyl labyrinthodont

Ichthyostega – a temnospondyl labyrinthodont ...had 7 toes!

facweb.furman.edu

Sclerocephalus - a temnospondyl labyrinthodont

Eryops – a temnospondyl labyrinthodont

fin-foot intermediates

CA Boisvert et al. Nature (2008) doi:10.1038/nature07339 Eusthenopteron Panderichthys Tiktaalik Acanthostega CA Boisvert et al. Nature (2008) doi:10.1038/nature07339

Evolution of Reptiles from Amphibians inferred from fossil record Anthracosaur Labyrinthodonts –tetrapod amphibians Synapsids – mammal-like reptiles Diapsids – Lepidosaurs (lizards, snakes) and Archosaurs (“ruling reptiles” dinosaurs, crocodiles, birds)    Cotylosaurs (Anapsids ) – stem reptiles 