Russia: From the Czar to Lenin’s Communism IDEOLOGICAL SHIFT

The 1905 revolution The ineffectiveness of the _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ In January 1905 (after massive industrial strikes), a peaceful, unarmed protest took place outside of the Czar’s palace.

These people were protesting horrible work conditions and they had suffered the same hardships as other workers across Europe during the Industrial revolution. Their petition asked for basic human rights (Freedoms) (see top of 165). The protest did not go well: Hundreds of people were gunned down by the Imperial Army in an event known as _________________. This became a turning point in ______________________________________

Famous Article 4. This was an article written into the 1906 Fundamental Laws that stated the following: The supreme autocratic power is vested in the Emperor of all the Russians. It is God's command that his authority should be obeyed not only through fear but for conscience's sake.” Article 9 in the Constitution states that the ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ The Czar could also dismiss the Duma and call new elections.

World War One’s Influence World War One (1914) intensified the problems in Russia under the Czar. From 1914-1916 food shortages and strikes were common in Russia. The Czar could not do anything to calm the growing conflict within the country while trying to defend it from an outside attack. Not to mention: _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________

Due to the bad military planning and lack of resources, the Russian Army faced massive losses during the early stages of the First World War. The population in Russia was growing in their opposition to the Monarch. They were unhappy with ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________

Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov April.22.1870 – January.24.1924 Adopted the name “Lenin” after his Siberian exile in 1901 Became leader of the Bolsheviks, and later, led the Bolsheviks to what became knows as the October Revolution. Nearly 3 years of civil war later, Lenin and the Bolsheviks assumed power of the entire country. Lenin used Karl Marx’s ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________

Lenin’s Additions To Marxism Adapted Marx’s ideas to conditions in Russia. Views referred to “_______________________” Marx revolution could only occur in a capitalist and industrialized country Lenin organized a dedicated group of professional revolutionaries (who sought support from peasants and workers) to overthrow Russian autocratic government.

October Revolution In the October Revolution, the ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________establishing the Cheka to ruthlessly quash dissent.

Reasons for Revolution: Lenin and the Bolsheviks believed the only way to overthrow the government and promote further development of liberalism in Russia was with violence. Lenin used the struggling low-income ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ He used the slogan “___________________” to gather all those who had been mistreated in order to gain support for the Bolshevik party.

Lenin’s Politics

Civil War 1917-1922 The first five years of Lenin’s control of Russia were difficult as there was a civil war. The war was waged between the ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Lenin was forced to implement policies of semi-democracy we will examine. By 1922, the war was _____________________________________________ By 1924, Russia was renamed _____________________________________________

Values, Assumptions, and Myths Communists claimed that the new country was a democracy. Set up govt. that on paper was democratic Govt. based on a __________________________ CPSU refers to itself as democratic because it rules in the interest of the majority. Real power was with the CPSU. Maintained a monopoly of power by controlling Access to positions of leadership Content of communication Direction of the economy Culture and education

Structure of Soviet Government i. Communist party members held all important positions in the Soviet gov’t a. Meant the party controlled the gov’t ii. Initially, the Soviet Union was ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ iii. This proved unworkable, because they couldn’t agree on anything so Lenin introduced the principle of democratic centralism. 21 November 2018 SS 30 Political Systems - Structure of Soviet Government

Structure of Soviet Government iv. Democratic Centralism: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ v. The USSR then became a dictatorship with power firmly in the hands of a tiny elite, the politburo. vi. The soviets gradually became the communist party and its role changed. 21 November 2018 SS 30 Political Systems - Structure of Soviet Government

Structure of Soviet Government vii. No longer was it a vehicle for ______________________________________________________________________________________ viii. Its main job was to disseminate (spread) information to the citizens and to make sure they complied. 21 November 2018 SS 30 Political Systems - Structure of Soviet Government

Authoritarian Essence The CP was the only legal political party This was justified by Only one class (proletariat); therefore only one party needed. Party was the “vanguard of the proletariat” and protector of communism. Lenin also believed that _____________________________________ _____________________________________

Large Secret Police Force Cheka (1917) : Lenin NKVD (1934) : Stalin People’s Commissarat of Internal Affairs KGB (1954) Committee for State Security

War Communism Economic System between 1918 and 1921 Introduced by Lenin in hopes to fight ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Integrated “emergency measures” and “socialist dogma” *A dogma is a settled or established opinion, belief, or principle* It was abandoned because it led to strikes, demonstrations, riots, and created social distress, all in all, it failed miserably

New Economic Policy Lenin’s Policies This was a policy designed to ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Re-introduced some limited ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Obviously this is a step away from “pure” communism, but Lenin only intended to be a temporary policy

Lenin saw that the only way the _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Within a few months, it had incredible success The famine was _____________________________________ _____________________________________ The state retained control of banking, large industry, transportation and trade.