Chemistry Review 2018 Thile

Use to Review and Make a Cheat Sheet Definitions – chemistry, matter, atom, element, compound, mixtures (homogeneous and heterogeneous), solid, liquid, gas

Homogeneous versus Heterogeneous

Physical versus Chemical changes

Dimensional analysis Conversions…… Metric or not Double conversions…….

Accuracy versus Precision

2.3g, 2.5g, 2.8g data……….true value = 2.4g

Percentage Error

Density D = m/v

Scientific notation 250000000 = 2.4 x 10-4 Calculate (2.4 x 103) (5.2 x 10-2) = Calculate 4.2 x 10-6 = 2.8 x 10 -8

LAWS!!! Dalton’s law (what parts do we agree with and what parts do we not agree with?) Law of definite proportions Law of multiple proportions Law of conservation of matter If 10g of A reacts with 2g of B……..how much B will react with 50g of A?

Atomic Models – Who? What? Experiments? Dalton Thomson Millikan Chadwick Rutherford Bohr Schrodinger

Average atomic mass

Big Bang and Stellar evolution Expanding universe How old is the universe? Elements formed in the Big Bang? Stellar Evolution HR diagram Color = Sun? Life cycle = Elements formed?

Atoms versus Ions Atoms are electrically neutral – why? Ions are atoms that have either lost or gained valence electrons to be like the nearest nobel gas. Cations? Charges? Metal or nonmetal? Anions? Charges? Metal or nonmetal? What are the valence electrons?

Periodic Table First discovered by? Organized by? Current Periodic Table organized by who? And by what characteristic? Periodic Law? What is a column called? What do elements in a column have in common? What is a row called? What do elements in a row have in common?

Wavelength versus Frequency What is a wavelength? What is frequency? How are they related?

Bright Line Spectrum A Bright Line spectrum is formed when electrons fall from an excited state to the ground state for a particular element. It’s like an elements fingerprint.

E = hv C = λv

Electron Cloud Model/ Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom What is the difference between n=1 and n=7? Electrons fill each energy level starting with the lowest energy up to the highest energy…. (Aufbau’s principle)

Analogy Posters??? Orbitals definition, shapes s,p,d,f sublevels Number of electrons in each energy level = 2n2 Number of orbitals per energy level = n2 Electron configurations and Nobel gas notation

Periodic Trends Definitions and Patterns Atomic Radii Electronegativity Ionization Energy

Bonding Ionic – metal with nonmetal, naming (criss cross charges) polyatomics (use chart) and transition metals (roman numerals) Covalent – nonmetal with nonmetal, called molecular compounds, use prefixes when naming and writing formulas

Ionic vs. Molecular Properties

Metallic bonds and properties

Lewis Dot Structures

VSEPR Theory

Nuclear Chemistry Isotope definition Isotope notation – Nuclear notation 146C, Hyphen Notation C-14 Band of Stability (1:1 tending towards 1.5:1) Ratio of n:p Types of Nuclear Radiation = alpha, beta, gamma (size and penetration) Equations Fission and Fusion (define, which makes more energy) Half Life (define, know how to do problems)