Warm Up Prompt: Of all the main countries involved, which country or countries were the most to blame for the war? In other words, who should be punished in the aftermath of the war? Please write the prompt and respond in complete sentences. Main Countries: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, France, Britain, Ottoman Empire

The Fourteen Points that Wilson Wanted Vs. The Treaty of Versailles

THE 14 POINTS What Wilson Wanted: January 8, 1918 Abolition of secret diplomacy   Freedom to navigate the high seas in peace and war.   Removal of economic barriers between nations.   Reduction of armaments to "the lowest point consistent with domestic safety".   Adjustment of colonial claims in the interest of both the inhabitants and the powers concerned.   Restoration of Russia and a welcome for her in the society of nations.   The return of Belgium to her people.

THE 14 POINTS What Wilson Wanted: January 8, 1918 8. Evacuation and restoration of French territory won by the Germans in a war in 1871 9. Readjustment of Italian borders "along clearly recognizable lines of nationality". 10. Free opportunity for "autonomous development" for the peoples of Austria-Hungary. 11. Restoration of the Balkan nations and free access to the sea for Serbia. 12. Protection for minorities in Turkey. 13. An independent Poland. 14. "A general association of nations" to secure "mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike."

Warm Up Prompt: Identify whether or not each country was represented at the Paris Peace Conference. United States @ Conf. Not @ Conf. Germany France Austria-Hungary Great Britain Russia Italy **PLEASE WRITE THE PROMPT**

Treaty of Versailles Countries in attendance: UK, France, Italy, USA Germany, A-H, & Russia were not invited – major sticking point to Germans in years to come Motives for each country were different and counter to one another: USA – Wilson wanted to prevent a future war, fought hard for the League of Nations as an org. that could do this League of Nations – precursor of UN, issues included the inability to enforce anything, powerless in the years to come France – Clemenceau wanted to punish Germany for the war, wanted Germ. to pay for its aggression, wanted revenge, the creation of a buffer state btwn Fr. And Germ. in the event of a future war UK – Lloyd George wanted to punish Germany as well, but not as harshly Italy – wanted land from A-H, did not get as much land as they hoped, causes issues in It. In the upcoming years, leads to the rise of fascism in It. 4 Main punishments to Germany: War guilt clause (Article 231) – Germany took sole responsibility for the war Paying reparations ($$) – started off at $63bn then ($768bn today), reduced to $33bn ($400bn today), finished paying off these reparations in Oct. 2010 Loss of territory, including African & Asian colonies, land to newly created Poland, and the Alsace-Lorraine territory to France Demilitarization – loss of air force, navy, sever reduction to army, demilitarized zone of Rhineland (buffer state with France) Major issues with the TofV – USA never signed it, Germ. had no say in its punishments, It. Didn’t get all it was hoping for (promised), self-determination caused ethnic & religious issues in countries like Poland, Czech., and Yugo., self-determination in countries outside Europe were broken promises of freedom and independence.

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES What the World Got: June 28, 1919 Germany will recognize the independence of Belgium.   In compensation for destroying France’s coal mines during the war, Germany gives to France her coal mines in the Saar Basin area, free of charge.   Germany will evacuate and restore to France all territories won by Germany in the war between the two nations in 1871.   Germany acknowledges and will respect strictly the independence of Austria...   Germany…recognizes the complete independence of the Czecho-Slovak State...   Germany…recognizes the complete independence of Poland...   "Germany acknowledges and agrees to respect as permanent …the independence of all the territories which were part of the former Russian Empire…"

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES What the World Got: June 28, 1919 8. Germany renounces…all her rights and titles over her overseas possessions. 9. The German army shall be reduced to no more than 100,000 men and 4,000 officers. "The Army shall be devoted exclusively to the maintenance of order within the territory". 10.The German government takes full and sole responsibility for the war and any damage caused by the war. 11. The German government is required to pay reparations for damage done to civilians and their property during the war (a total of $66,000,000.00) 12. Any trade agreement that Germany enters into with one of the Allied Powers will automatically apply to all Allied Powers. 13. "In case of any difference of opinion, the League of Nations will be called on to decide."

Treaty of Versailles Summary Questions Instructions: Answer the following Qs using your prior knowledge & the lecture notes to provide evidence for your responses. Responses need to be in complete sentences! Why does the treaty single out Germany and not the other Central Powers? Does Germany deserve more responsibilities than other countries? Do the Allies bear any responsibility? How might paying reparations affect the German economy?

WARM UP Jan. 25 or 26 Choose whether or not each country was represented at the Paris Peace Conference. United States @ Conf. Not @ Conf. Germany France Austria-Hungary Great Britain Russia Italy **PLEASE WRITE THE PROMPT**