Muscular System Learning Goals: Know major muscles and their functions understand movement terminology

Major Muscles of the Body Good interactive site: http://www.exrx.net/ Refer to handout/anatomical diagram and chart for muscles you should know.

Movement Terms Flexion – bending the joint to reduce the angle Extension – straightening the joint (increasing the joint angle) Abduction – movement away from the midline Adduction – movement toward the midline Supination – lateral rotation of forearm Pronation – medial rotation of forearm Plantarflexion – increasing angle b/n foot & leg Dorsiflexion – decreasing angle b/n foot & leg Elevation – raising up to a more superior position Depression – pulling down/lowering to an inferior pos.

What Muscle Does It Work? Complete chart…consider weight training and/or body weight exercises.

Use of Muscles Agonist: the muscle that is primarily responsible for the movement (e.g. pec. Major in a push up) Antagonist: the muscle opposing the prime mover (e.g. lat. Dorsi acts as an antagonist to pecs in push ups) Synergist: assists the prime mover; helps stabilize the joint

Muscle Actions Three main types: Concentric contraction: shortening of muscle fibre Eccentric contraction: lengthening of muscle fibre Isometric contraction: contraction of muscle fibres occurs but there is no joint movement (e.g. wall sit or flexed arm hang)

Terminology Hypertrophy – increase in muscle size Atrophy – decrease in muscle size Isolation – singling out a particular muscle group Motor unit – part of muscle stimulated by brain Superset – doing 2 or 3 exercises together (no rest) Circuit training – a rotation of multiple exercises with little or no rest between Partial rep – not completing the full range of motion