WWBAT: Complete a group activity making decisions about what is most important to complete a successful conquest

Keys to Success I also want you to keep the two following questions in mind while we discuss the Mongols In what ways would each of the above have promoted, or hindered, the success of Mongols as conquerors? Which of the above do they consider to have been most important in the creation of the Mongol empire? Why?

Mongol Intro Bellwork What are three things you think of when you heard the word “Mongol(s)” Opinion What are at least three important characteristics that define an empire?

Objective WWBAT: Introduce and begin gathering information on the Mongol people and the origins of the Mongol empire

Interactive Notebook Setup 1/13/2016 Tang and Song Dynasty Chart This will be one page

Keys to Success While discussing the Mongols we will be looking at how the following helped lead to creation of their empire: characteristics of the people nature of the leadership details of social organization features of the environment nature of the technology features of the ideology

Mongol Achievements Built the largest continuous land empire in history Conquered China and established the Yuan Dynasty SCARED LITERALLY EVERYONE!

Nomadic pastoral people from the Asian steppe Who were the Mongols? Nomadic pastoral people from the Asian steppe

Some Background Nomadic herders populated the steppes of Asia for centuries From a climate similar to the prairie in the American Midwest The Mongols were arguably the best horsemen in the world

Some Background The Mongols were headed by a single leader or khan Khans had to ask that their decisions be ratified by a council of the leaders of powerful families The Mongols nomadic ways brought them in contact with almost every major religion of the time and a policy of religious freedom was common Mongol khans were thought to represent the Sky God, who transcended all cultures and religions; khans were thus conceived of as universal rulers who both transcended and used the various religions of their subjects

Some Background Chinggis Khan unified Mongol tribes through Alliance & conquests Name means either “Universal Ruler” or “Supreme Ruler” Organized new military units & broke up tribal affiliations Beginning around 1206 Chinggis began an effort to take control of large portions of the Northern China These would lead to one of the greatest conquests in world history

What title was given to the leader of the Mongol Empire? Kahn Mongols Bellwork What title was given to the leader of the Mongol Empire? Kahn The Mongols were arguably the best ____________ in the World Horseback riders

Objective WWBAT: Discuss aspects of the Mongol military and economy WWBAT: Continue gathering information on the Mongol Empire

The Mongol Military Displayed incredible discipline and loyalty People that deserted their unit in battle = put to death Unit leaders fought alongside their soldiers ALL Mongols benefited from the wealth that flowed into the Mongol Empire from conquered civilizations

The Mongol Military Conquered people were incorporated into the military Nomads = put into the cavalry Settled peoples = infantry and artillery forces Other conquered people served as laborers  built roads and bridges, carried supplies, etc. Artisans and craftsmen = typically spared from massacre, enslaved, and put to work

The Mongol Military Sometimes brutal and ruthless military tactics All who resisted Mongol rule = slaughtered along with their wives, children, and dependents Cities destroyed Their brutality worked as psychological warfare also  many of those that heard about the Mongols were afraid and voluntarily surrendered

Economy/Trade Mongols did not make or trade anything themselves But they did promote international commerce by maintaining secure trade networks Done so that they could tax goods and extract wealth from larger civilizations Result = brought the two ends of the Eurasian world (Europe and China) into closer contact than ever before Result = start of a truly international economy

Economy/Trade The Mongols provided financial backing for caravans, introduced standardized weights and measures, and gave tax breaks to merchants The Mongols provided a relatively secure environment for merchants making the long and arduous journey across Central Asia between Europe and China The Mongols launched a new phase in the history of the Silk Roads

Economy/Trade Allowed merchants free use of their relay stations Often offered merchants 10% more than their asking price