Correctional Ministry Matters A ONE-DAY CHRIST-CENTERED AND PROFESSIONAL CONFERENCE February 24, 2018 Aliso Viejo, CA REENTRY 101 Mass Incarceration

REENTRY 101 Mass Incarceration According to the Federal Bureau of Justice Statistics, in 1980, people incarcerated in U.S federal and state prisons and jails numbered 501,886. By 2006, that number reached 2,336,871- that’s nearly a five-fold increase in just one generation.

REENTRY 101 Mass Incarceration For the first time in history there are 1/100 adults incarcerated in this country. The American prison system holds about 2.3 million adults, more than any other country in the world. China was second, with 1.5 million people, and Russia was a distant third with 890,000 inmates.

International Rates of Incarcerations, 2010 REENTRY 101 International Rates of Incarcerations, 2010

REENTRY 101 Mass Incarceration Race This phenomena is particularly problematic for the black and brown communities. The national incarceration rate for whites is 412 per 100,000 residents, compared to 2,290 for African Americans, and 742 for Hispanics.” Approximately 12%-13% of the American population is African-American, but they make up 40% of the prison population Hispanics are the fastest growing group being imprisoned, increasing from 10.9% of all State and Federal inmates in 1985 to 15.6% in 2001

REENTRY 101 Mass Incarceration While one in 30 men between the ages of 20 and 34 is behind bars for black males in that age group the figure is one in nine. Black women in their thirties have hit the 1/100 mark.

REENTRY 101 Mass Incarceration The War on Drugs has created an explosion in the prison population. Mass Incarceration of black and brown people – over-policing. We have become what some scholars are calling a Prison Nation, Incarceration Nation, Prison Industrial Complex.

REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? 95% of inmates will be released at some time. Annually well over 700,000 Nationally, more than half of released offenders are back in prison within three years State spending for corrections reached $52.4 billion in fiscal 2012 and has been higher than 7.0 percent of overall general fund expenditures every year since fiscal 2008. California’s prison budget is $11.3 billion

REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Family Background 50% were raised by a single parent, usually the mother 15% were raised by neither parent but were raised by another relative, in a foster home, or in an institution 25% were raised by a parent or guardian who was a substance abuser

REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Family Background 15% of males and 55% of females in prison were physically or sexually abused as children, and the numbers are even higher for those raised in foster homes or institutions—44% of men and 87% of women 95% of the men had no loving father figure

REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Educational Achievement 25-50% have symptoms of a learning disability On average their IQ score is 14 points below the national average, and about 15% score low enough on IQ test to be identified as cognitively impaired

REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Substance Abuse History Alcohol and/or other drugs are implicated in the offenses of about 80% of people in prison Drug offenses account for approximately 60% of people in prison 60 – 80% have used drugs at some point in their lives 70 – 85% of those in prison need some level of drug treatment, but only 13% receive treatment

REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Mental Health About 10% of prison and jail inmates reported a mental or emotional condition; and 10% said they had stayed overnight in a mental hospital or program. Together, 16% or an estimated 283,800 inmates reported either a mental condition or an overnight stay in a mental hospital, and were identified as mentally ill.

REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Mental Health Over 1 in 3 State prisoners, 1 in 4 Federal prisoners, and 1 in 6 jail inmates who had a mental health problem received treatment since admission. ADHD, schizophrenia/psychosis, major depression, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder are more common among prisoners than the general population.

REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Physical Health Rate of confirmed AIDS cases among people in prison was five times the rate found among the general population. They were infected with Hepatitis C, nine to ten times the rate of the general population.

REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Effects of Prison They have a prison mentality (Don’t talk. Don’t trust. Don’t feel) Distrustful Indecisive Afraid of life beyond the walls   They are out of touch Out of touch with family Out of touch with society in general Out of touch with the requirements of today’s workplace

REENTRY 101 Many are a part of the “new urban poor” Inadequate school Who Is Coming Home? Many are a part of the “new urban poor” Inadequate school systems Few positive male role models Few employment opportunities

REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? People returning home from prison today face far greater challenges than ever before They are going in to prison at younger ages They are spending longer sentences in prison The rapid advancement of technology

REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Factors History of Antisocial Behavior Criminal personality Antisocial values, attitudes and beliefs Antisocial associates Lack of pro-social leisure activities Substance Abuse Employment/education Dysfunctional family

REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Need Programming Response Dysfunctional Family: Low levels of affection, caring and cohesiveness, poor parental supervision and discipline practices, out right neglect and abuse Marital skills Parenting skills Positive role models Communication skills Conflict resolution skills

REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Factor Programming Response History of Antisocial Behavior: Juvenile and adult criminal history Develop non-criminal alternative behavior in risky situations. Use spiritual/ethical principles to guide behavior.

REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Factor Programming Response Criminal Personality: Characterized by impulsive behavior, risk taking, weak problem-solving skills, poor socialization skills and psychopathy Develop empathy and victim awareness Love God, others, and self. Develop healthy relational and personal skills (trust, boundaries, patience, compassion, joy, hope, kindness, goodness, etc.) Problem solving skills Anger management

REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Factor Programming Response Antisocial Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs: Thinking Errors Replace thinking errors with ethical/spiritual values, attitudes and beliefs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Develop responsibility and forgiveness

REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Factor Programming Response Antisocial Associates: Criminal Peers Develop spiritual friendships, mentors/coaches, role models Become a member of a congregation Join other prosocial groups

REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Need Programming Response Lack of Pro-social Leisure Activities Provide opportunities for fun leisure activities without substances Coping with stress without substances

REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Need Programming Response Substance Abuse Finding a good substance abuse treatment program Address the root reasons for the addiction. Healing from the past, meeting deepest needs of security and significance. 12-Step programs

REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Need Programming Response Employment/Education Positive view of work, calling, work ethic GED/Vocational Training Soft skills training Financial education

REENTRY 101 Faith-Based Engagement 350,000 houses of worship in America 230 different denominations Approximately 100,000 urban churches Want to work with returning citizens  90% of urban churches provide social services

REENTRY 101 Faith-Based Engagement The Church Half offer prison-related ministry Half serve family of people in prison 45% provide aftercare or want to start 75% want to partner with outside agencies

Religious Congregations REENTRY 101 Faith-Based Engagement Religious Congregations Create a sense of welcome and inclusion Reduces the stigma and shame Foster the transformation of hearts, minds & communities Facilitate acceptance of responsibility for actions and behavior Build a community of spiritual and social support