Chapter 2.1 States of Matter Chapter 2 Solids, Liquids, and Gases

How are states of matter defined? The states of matter are defined not by whether or not they hold their volume and shape

Solids A solid has a: definite volume definite shape

Particles in a Solid The particles in a solid are packed very closely together Each particle is tightly fixed in one position Because the particles are packed tightly, they stay in a fixed position. This gives the solid a definite shape and volume. The particles are not motionless! They vibrate back and forth slighting….similar to a person running in place

Types of Solids Crystalline Solids-the particles in the solid form a regular repeating pattern made up of crystals Example: salt, sugar, sand, snow These solids have a distinct melting point, which is the temperature at which they melt. Amorphous Solids-the particles are not arranged in a pattern. Example: plastics, rubber, glass These solids do not have a distinct melting point. Instead, when they are heated, they become softer and softer as the temperature rises.

Liquids A liquid has a Definite volume No definite shape

Particles in a Liquid The particles in a liquid are packed almost as closely as in a solid, however they can move around one another freely Because the particles can move around freely, a liquid has no definite shape. You can think of the particles in a liquid like people walking around at a crowded train platform.

Viscosity Viscosity- the resistance of a liquid to flowing. Liquids with high viscosity flow slowly. Liquids with low viscosity flow quickly. Ex. Honey has high viscosity Ex. Vinegar has low viscosity

Gases Gases have an Indefinite shape Indefinite volume

Particles of a Gas Gas particles spread apart, filling all the space available to them

Vocabulary Solid Crystalline solid Melting point Amorphous solid Liquid Viscosity gas

Questions Describe the differences in particles in a solid, liquid and gas. Glass is an amorphous solid. How can you use that information to help explain why a glassblower can bend and shape a piece of glass that has been heated?