Adapted from Crane Brinton’s book, The Anatomy of Revolution STAGES OF REVOLUTION Adapted from Crane Brinton’s book, The Anatomy of Revolution

REVOLUTION: A VIOLENT OVERTHROW OF A GOVERNMENT

PRELIMINARY (Incubation in the Fever Model) Class antagonism Economic upgrade, which does not reach the people Government inefficiency Inept ruler—Autocrat with absolute power

PRELIMINARY (Incubation) People ask for change (justice) Autocrat attempts to stop early protests with force (terror), which fails

PRELIMINARY (Incubation) Intellectuals transfer their loyalty from government to the people

FIRST STAGE (Symptomatic) Financial breakdown Protests against government increase dramatically

FIRST STAGE (Symptomatic) Moderates gain power relatively peacefully Revolutionary underground (radicals) foment revolution

FIRST STAGE (Symptomatic) Mob psychology Ignorant Emotional Now wants revenge

CRISIS STAGE Radicals take control Remove moderates Enemies attempt to stop radicals: Civil war Foreign war

CRISIS STAGE Centralization of power in a revolutionary council Council dominated by a “strongman” Use common term of address

CRISIS STAGE Try to kill original autocrat Use terror to rule

RECOVERY (Convalescence) Revolution turns inward Radicals removed Some killed Charismatic autocrat comes to power

RECOVERY (Convalescence) Aggressive nationalism Slow, uneven return to quieter times People trade freedom for security

FRENCH REVOLUTION

PRELIMINARY Class antagonism Heavy, increasing taxes on 3rd Estate Government inefficiency Autocrat=Louis XVI Ignored growing bourgeoisie

PRELIMINARY People ask for change Cahiers de Doleances Autocrat’s failed attempts to stop early protests National Assembly locked out of meeting place Ordered NA not to meet

PRELIMINARY Intellectuals transfer their loyalty Philosophes Enlightened public

FIRST STAGE Financial breakdown Wheat famine High bread prices Protests against government Storming of Bastille

FIRST STAGE Moderates Estates-General National Assembly National Constitutional Convention

FIRST STAGE Revolutionary underground Jacobins

CRISIS STAGE Radicals take control Mobs in Paris took Convention

CRISIS STAGE Enemies Civil war Louis XVI Nobles/Emigres Foreign war Austria England

CRISIS STAGE Revolutionary council Committee of Public Safety Strongman Robespierre Common term of address Citizen

CRISIS STAGE Kill original autocrat Women’s March on Versailles Flight to Varennes Louis XVI/Marie guillotined Use terror to rule Reign of Terror

RECOVERY Revolution turns inward Thermidorean Reaction Danton/Robespierre killed Charismatic autocrat Directory Napoleon

RECOVERY Aggressive nationalism Napoleonic Wars Quieter times End of terror Trade freedom for security Empire

Adapted from Crane Brinton’s book, The Anatomy of Revolution STAGES OF REVOLUTION Adapted from Crane Brinton’s book, The Anatomy of Revolution