Earth Systems and Resources Chapter 8 Earth Systems and Resources

The Earth’s resources were determined when the planet formed.

Plate Tectonics Fig. 12-3, p. 272 Spreading center Oceanic tectonic Ocean trench Collision between two continents Plate movement Plate movement Tectonic plate Oceanic crust Oceanic crust Subduction zone Continental crust Continental crust Material cools as it reaches the outer mantle Cold dense material falls back through mantle Mantle convection cell Hot material rising through the mantle Two plates move towards each other. One is subducted back into the mantle on falling convection current. Mantle Hot outer core Inner core Inner core Fig. 12-3, p. 272 6

Earth’s Crust and Upper Mantle Abyssal hills Folded mountain belt Abyssal floor Oceanic ridge Abyssal floor Trench Craton Volcanoes Continental rise Oceanic crust (lithosphere) Continental slope Abyssal plain Continental shelf Abyssal plain Continental crust (lithosphere) Mantle (lithosphere) Mantle (lithosphere) Mantle (asthenosphere) Fig. 12-2, p. 271 7

Earth’s Major Tectonic Plates EURASIAN PLATE ANATOLIAN PLATE NORTH AMERICAN PLATE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE CHINA SUBPLATE CARIBBEAN PLATE PHILIPPINE PLATE ARABIAN PLATE AFRICAN PLATE PACIFIC PLATE SOUTH AMERICAN PLATE NAZCA PLATE INDIAN-AUSTRLIAN PLATE SOMALIAN SUBPLATE ANTARCTIC PLATE Convergent plate boundaries Divergent boundaries Transform faults Fig. 12-4, p. 273 8

Types of Plate Boundaries Lithosphere Asthenosphere Oceanic ridge at a divergent plate boundary Fig. 12-5a, p. 274 10