Problem Analysis and project identification

Policy Democratic and fundamental rights of people with the focus on empowering the people and ensuring higher, sustainable and equitable growth. … ensure economic equality, prosperity and social justice, by eliminating discrimination based on class, caste, region, language, religion and gender and all forms of caste-based untouchability …

Plan To increase production To build infrastructure To achieve high and sustainable reform in human development To promote overall good governance To enhance institutional capacity: gender equality, inclusion, environment protection and maximum use of science and technology

Quantitative Plan S.N. Indicators Status of FY 2015/16 Targets 1 Annual average economic growth rate (%) 0.77 7.2 2 Population Below the Poverty Line (percent) 21.6 17.0 3 HDI 0.54 0.57 4 Life expectancy at birth (in years) 69.0 72.0 5 Population with access to basic drinking water (%) 83.6 90.0 6 Number of district headquarters with road connectivity 73.0 75.0 7 Irrigation (in lakh hectares) 13.92 15.20 8 Population with access to internet service (%) 46.4 65.0

Programs Macro economic programs Sectoral development programs Savings/Govt. Finance International Economic relations / FDI Monitory Policy Sectoral development programs Agriculture, irrigation, land reforms and forests Industry commerce, supplies and tourism Social, youths and sports development Infrastructure development programs Energy, transport, housing, reconstruction Cross sectoral development programs GESI, Science and technology, labor and employment, DRM, CC, and environment Poverty reduction, peace and good governance programs

Project

Problem Analysis and Project Identification Problem analysis is an investigation of a situation/problem in order to understand more fully the problem and recommend practical solutions for solving it. Projects are generally designed to address a development problem or to alleviate a constraint. While identifying project, there has to be a general consensus that the situation is not satisfactory and needs to be changed.

Situation Analysis There are two analytical tools used to conduct the situation analysis: Stakeholder analysis Problem analysis Please read the case carefully to understand the situation and identify the stakeholders involved (time 5 mins). Carryout stakeholder analysis in group (30 mins) Represent yourself as one of the stakeholders Clarify your interest Realize your perception of the problem Use the frame provided

Stakeholder Analysis Tips Stakeholder analysis may comprise a series of focus-group meetings and workshops Define group categories narrowly or broadly, depending on the situation Make sure to have all fundamental information of the key stakeholders Perform detailed analysis of the key stakeholders Keep stakeholder analysis updated during project implementation because this is a vital source of information. This process can be integrated into regular project review missions.

Stakeholder Analysis Stakeholder Their Interest Perceived Problem

Problem Analysis Carryout problem analysis by using a problem tree This tool is used to (i) analyze the existing situation surrounding a given development problem context, (ii) identify the major related problems and constraints associated with the development problem, and (iii) visualize the cause-effect relationship in a diagram - a problem tree. There are many ways to analyze problems, but the problem tree allows maximum participation from all stakeholders.

Problem Analysis Tips: Use a negative existing condition Problem statement must be owned by a stakeholder/group (whose problem is it?) Specific and clear

Problem Analysis Tips: Problem analysis should start from the Stakeholder’s perceived problem Most problems have multiple causes Looking from the top, down, there could be many paths of causes Start by tracing one problem path down to its causes

Problem Analysis: Correct/Incorrect Game “Poor quality of products” “Processed wool produced by the Cooperative does not meet international quality standards” “Insufficient pesticides to protect fruit crops from worms” “Fruit crops damaged by worm infestation” “No infrastructure” “No paved road from place A to place B” “We have lack of money so that children do not go to school” “School fees are not affordable” “No existence of NGOs” “There is no knowledge on how to run NGOs”

Problem Analysis: Identifying Causes Ram was bored yesterday. Shyam failed his exam. Ram was bored yesterday. Ram asked Shyam to go to watch movie. Shyam went with Ram to watch movie. Shyam did not study for his exam. Shyam was not well prepared for his exam. Shyam failed his exam.

Problem Analysis: Steps Group work (30 mins) See the stakeholder analysis and find out the existing problems Select one major problem Identify causes Identify consequences/effects Review the entire problem tree

Problem Analysis Starter problem Problem Analysis

Solution Development The analysis of the current situation identified the development problem using stakeholder analysis and problem analysis. The next step is to specify the desired future situation. This is also referred to as the project identification phase.

Project Identification Think about a situation after the problems have been resolved Identify the means-end relationship Discuss what will be required to achieve the change and maintain more control over planning the change Identify the solutions that are implementable (drawing upon the wisdom of the lessons learned) and promising (innovations, new approaches to old problems)

Project Identification Tips: The quality of the project depends largely on the quality of the original problem tree. If the logic of the first draft of the objectives tree is unreliable, return to the problem tree, reexamine the cause-effect links, and test the validity of the problem statements before identifying project. Consider the feasibility of each objective by using the information generated during the stakeholder analysis.

Project Identification Name of project Project location Probable supporting agency Estimated budget Time frame (start and end) 1.   2.

Project Identification

Project/Program Success Vs Failure?