Alcohol.

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Presentation transcript:

Alcohol

Learning objectives Alcohol is a depressant that affects many areas in the brain, generally by suppressing neuron activity. Effects on heart: weakness of heart, arrhythmia, stroke, hypertension Effects on liver: toxic by-products of breaking down alcohol damages liver Effects on pancreas: damage and risk of pancreatic cancer Several other cancers (esp of upper digestive tract) associated with alcohol. Immune system compromised Genetics of alhololism: Acetaldehyde is toxic, and if a person’s genetic makeup produces a slow-acting acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, the toxin will build up, and will reduce the incentive to drink alcohol Alcohol affects people largely based on their body size. Blood alcohol content decreases over time as liver breaks it down

Prevalence % of people reporting that they drink Ever: 87% In past year: 71% In past month: 56% % of people 18 and older that, in the past month binge drinking: 25% heavy drinking: 7%

Alcohol use disorders (AUD) 16.6 million adults (7% of people in this age group) 10.8 million men5.8 million women 1.3 million people received treatment 700,000 youth (age 12-17)70,000 received treatment 88,000 deaths10,000 traffic deaths due to alcohol 700,000 students (18-24) assaulted by someone who has been drinking 97,000 students (18-24) report alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape 1 in 4 college students report academic consequences from drinking.

Alcohol is a Stimulant and Depressant Stimulant – Activates norepinephrine Fight or flight response Depressant – Activates GABA Depresses activity of neurons in many regions of brain

Regions affected by alcohol

Why do people drink? Why do people develop drinking problems?

Genetics of alcoholism Alcohol  Acetaldehyde  Acetic acid