H1‐NPCs differentiate into TH+ midbrain DA neurons with high efficiency. H1‐NPCs differentiate into TH+ midbrain DA neurons with high efficiency. (A) MAP2‐expressing.

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H1‐NPCs differentiate into TH+ midbrain DA neurons with high efficiency. H1‐NPCs differentiate into TH+ midbrain DA neurons with high efficiency. (A) MAP2‐expressing mature neurons were abundant at the end of the 14‐day differentiation of H1‐NPCs. (B, C) These neurons also expressed TH, indicative of a dopaminergic neuronal population. (D) In three independent experiments, the mean percentages of TH+/MAP2+ cells were 85.3% and 80.4% for H1‐ and iPSC‐derived cultures, respectively. A panel of dopaminergic markers including (E) VMAT2, (F) PITX3 and (G) DA were also expressed by the H1‐derived DA neurons. (H) In an in vitro test of function, cultured H1‐derived DA neurons were induced to depolarize in 56 mM KCl. Using a DA ELISA assay, DA detected in the supernatant of the 56‐mM KCl treatment was significantly 100‐fold higher than dopaminer detected in the CM control—medium conditioned with the DA neurons under standard culture conditions for 48 h. (I) qPCR measurement of mRNAs encoding midbrain markers in cDNA from total brain, H1‐derived neural precursors and dopaminergic neurons. (J) qPCR measurement of various neuronal subtype markers: GABAergic subtype (GAD65), motor neuron subtype (ISLET1 and HB9), serotonergic neurons (TPH1 and SERT) and noradrenergic neurons (DBH), indicative of an enriched dopaminergic population. The white scale bar indicates 100 μm. * and ** indicate P‐values of <0.05 and <0.01, respectively. Shi‐Yan Ng et al. EMBO J. 2012;31:522-533 © as stated in the article, figure or figure legend