Chapter 12 The Periodic Table Section 2 Grouping the Elements ( pp344-351)

Alkali Metals( Group 1) Very reactive Shiny and light weight Only found combined with other elements One electron in the outer shell

Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 Not as reactive as the alkali metals Have 2 electrons in the outer shell

Transition Metals (Groups 3 to 12) Less reactive than alkali or alkaline earth metals Properties vary widely examples: Hg –liquid, titanium is not very reactive but iron is. Can use 2 outer most shells/orbitals to bond with other elements

Groups 13 to 16 Boron Group (13) Carbon Group (14) Nitrogen Group (15) Oxygen Group (16)

Halogens – Group 17 Very reactive nonmetal Seven electrons in the outer shell Often bond with metals Fluorine is the most reactive Never found uncombined in nature Form halides-a halogen combined with another element to form a compound

Noble Gases – Group 18 Group 18 Have full outer shell with 8 electrons Rarely combine with other elements Non-reactive (inert) Colorless Odorless Gases at room temperature

Lanthanides and Actinides Some of the transition metals from periods 6 and 7 placed at the bottom of the periodic table to keep it from being too wide.

Lanthanides Follow the element lanthanum Shiny and reactive Used to make different types of steel Sometimes called inner transition metals

Actinides Follow the metal actinium Radioactive Unstable Atoms of a radioactive element can change into atoms of a different element

Hydrogen Properties do not match the properties of any single group, so hydrogen is set apart from the other elements in the table. Reactive Colorless, odorless Gas at room temperature Most abundant element in the universe