A Dialogue on FATA -Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Transition A Milestone for Human Development & Right to Education -25 A Venue: Directorate of E&SED – Govt. of KP, Peshawar Date: June 5, 2018

KP Transition: a Historical Milestone May 2018 The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly, National Assembly and the Senate passed Fata Reforms Merger bill by a majority. The 31st Amendment to the Constitution signed by the President on May 31st 2018, abolished Article 247 & the control of FATA officially passed to the KP government – with a transition period of 2 years to adjust to the new status The number of seats in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly will increase to 145 from 124. FATA will be granted sixteen general seats, four seats for women and one seat for non-Muslims in the provincial assembly. Source: The Nation, May 2018

NEW GEOGRAPHIES- Tribal Districts & A RENEWED REACH TO THE PEOPLE The 7 agencies will be retitled as “tribal districts” , Bajaur Khyber Kurram Mohmand Orakzai North Waziristan South Waziristan Existing tehsils and Frontier Regions (FR) will be considered to be sub-divisions. The Political Agents will have a renewed appointment as deputy commissioners.

Population Trends- Census 2017 KP FATA Rural Urban Total Households 3104154 741014 3845168 542255 16124 558379 Male 12,495,278 2,972,367 15,467,645 2481840 74452 2556292 Female 12,298,236 2,756,577 15,054,813 2377911 67446 2445357 Transgender 223 690 913 27 All Sexes 24,793,737 5,729,634 30,523,371 4859778 141898 5001676 Sex Ratio 101.6 107.83 102.74 104.37 110.39 104.54 PGR (%) 2.87 2.96 2.89 2.41 2.70 Source: TABLE - 1: PROVISIONAL PROVINCE WISE POPULATION BY SEX AND RURAL/URBAN; Census 2017 Pakistan, PBS

Extending the Constitutional Rights to Tribal Districts – Implications of Article 25 A ‘Right to Free and Compulsory Education as a ‘fundamental right’ The historic bill brings the tribal areas to the fold of constitution granting them their fundamental rights. Article 25 A “The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such manner as may be determined by law.” is now the constitutional right of people of FATA. KP has in place the Right to Free & Compulsory Primary & Secondary Education Act 2017 Organizations such as ITA have shared with E&SED concerns on the limited nature of the act/law and provided alternate options & shadow rules for the act. FATA/KP Merger has implications for revisiting the RTE Act 2017

FATA & Adjoining Districts of KP- Land & People KP Districts adjacent FATA-Agencies & Frontier Regions Pop. 5.01 mill KP-Districts FATA Agencies Dir: Bajaur Agency ; Malakand: Mohmand Agency and Bajaur Agency Charsadda: Mohmand Agency Peshawar: Khyber Agency, Mohmand Ag & Orakzai Ag Nowshera: Orakzai Agency; Kohat: Orakzai Agency; Hangu: Orakzai Agency, Kurram Agency & North Waziristan Karak: North Waziristan; Bannu : North Waziristan & South Waziristan; Lakki Marwat: South Waziristan Tank: South Waziristan ; D.I Khan : South Waziristan Population in 2017 : 5 .01 million (PBS-Census 2017) In 1998: 3.2 million Population Growth Rate : 2.41 % Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Census_of_Pakistan  

KP District Access to Education (all 5-16 years old): KP 2016 & FATA-ASER & AlifAilaan KP Districts Access % Access ASER(Ran) Alif Ailan* Abbotabad 99 1 16 HARIPUR 98 2 NOWSHERA 96 3 71 MALAKAND 4 40 TOR GHAR 5 140 LOWER DIR 93 6 65 MARDAN 92 7 KARAK 90 8 95 MANSEHRA 9 23 KOHAT 88 10 77 LAKKI MARWAT 85 11 CHITRAL 12 46 SWABI 13 70 BUNER 84 14 129 HANGU 83 15 BANNU 82 63 PESHAWAR 17 64 DERA ISMAIL KHAN 80 18 76 CHARSADDA 19 78 UPPER DIR 20 117 TANK 74 21 47 SWAT 72 22 86 SHANGLA 130 KOHISTAN 24 141 BATTAGRAM 58 25 69 FATA Agencies Access % Access (Ranking) Alif Ailaan* F.R. - Bannu 92 1 118 F.R. - Tank 89 2 112 Khyber Agency 87 3 114 F.R. - Peshawar 86 4 Orakzai Agency 85 5 103 Kurram Agency 83 6 90 F.R. - Lakki Marwat 81 7 135 F.R. - Kohat 80 8 133 F.R. - D.I. Khan 64 9 134 Sources: Access rank from ASER Pakistan 2016; Education Rank from “Alif Ailaan District Education Ranking 2017” *Facilities/Enrolment/Learning Page 11

ASER Report Cards KP FATA

ASER Report Cards KP FATA

RTE STATUS

The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Free & Compulsory Primary & Secondary Education Act 2017 Legal Status Passed April 2017 This Act is a complete copy of the 1996 Compulsory Primary Education Act-NWFP, which was never implemented & was itself a copy of Punjab’s Primary Act 1994. Details of the Act - 9 articles (Shortest in Pakistan) Short title, extent & commencement Definitions Free Compulsory Primary & Secondary education Reasonable Excuse for Non-Attendance School Attendance Authority Offence Taleem Fund(Punjab RTE Act ’14) Power to make rules Repeal Challenged areas : - Ltd in vision & Inappropriate Stretch of 1996 Act from primary to secondary: Scope ltd (w/out ECE, Inclusion/NFE or TVET) Language not aligned 25 A Stretches the concept of school attendance authority (SSA) never set up ever Not covered - duties of govt, local govt. responsibilities of private schools/teachers ; protection of children Shadow Rules Draft Shared with E&SED (by ITA) (copies available) What needs to be done to the KP Free & Compulsory Primary & Secondary Education Act in light of the Merger ? Suggestions from the participants:

Comparing Key Education Provision: Public Institutions (by types) KP FATA Male Female Total Primary 13,537 8,642 22,179 2,901 2,137 5,038 Middle 1,480 1,131 2,611 345 214 559 High 1,417 778 2,195 262 78 340 H.Secondary 349 190 539 11 5 16 16,783 10,741 27,524 3,519 2,434 5,953 Source: Pakistan Education Statistics 2016-16; Page 51 NEMIS; AEPAM; Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training; Government of Pakistan

Public Institutions (all types) FATA KP Source: Calculations from Pakistan Education Statistics 2016-16

Public Institutions (all types) KP FATA Source: Calculations from Pakistan Education Statistics 2016-16

Out of School (6-16 years old) KP 2016 FATA 2016 Source: ASER 2016

Primary Education Enrolment (6-10 years old)

Access to Education-Enrollment (5-16 years old)

ACCESS: Gender Inequities Female Enrolment (5-16 years old) GPI - Gender Parity Index Challenge of girls enrolment in both KP and FATA but greater in FATA !

Opportunities & Suggestions

KP Education Sector Reforms, Opportunity for improving Enrolment, Access and Quality Challenges: Gender – Girls Education Gaps at all levels Quality – Learning Outcomes Post Primary Opportunities /facilities in KP Mother’s Education : TVET-Adolescents/Youth Opportunities: KP Upcoming Sector Plan and its Progressive Reforms of KP- GPE supported Revisit the RTE Act 2017; amendments to reflect reforms & include merger Leapfrogging improvement through adjacent district strategy-both for FATA Tribal Districts and KP districts as well Partnerships - Govt- CSOs-Industry- Development Partners – Security Partners PPPs – a strategic approach given high presence of private sector /non-state actors- 27% in FATA – the remit of the E&SEF extended to FATA on fast track BISP – proactive in FATA – special support to girls education (all levels) Innovative initiatives/technology enabled and budget lines for fast tracking

KP- Quality Reforms – Underway - Inputs to the New Education Sector Plan for KP –Implications for FATA Teachers’ recruitment and performance Terms and Conditions for Teachers Induction Programme Improved practices for teaching & learning Revision of Textbooks Continuous Professional Development Assessments Assessments of teaching and learning outcomes Institutional reforms Textbook Board Reforms Boards of Elementary and Secondary Education Legislation Free Compulsory Primary and Secondary Education Act,2017 Private Schools Regulatory Authority Other initiatives Equity Strategy, Equity for Inclusive Education PPP Strategy, Improved Access to Education School Quality Management Initiative Integrated Education Management Information System

KP Transition- 25 A & SDG 4 Goal &Targets Tracking SDG Unit in P&D Dept. KP TARGET 4.1:  PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION TARGET 4.2: EARLY CHILDHOOD TARGET 4.3: TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL, TERTIARY AND ADULT EDUCATION TARGET 4.6:  LITERACY AND NUMERACY TARGET 4.4: SKILLS FOR WORK TARGET 4.5:  EQUITY TARGET 4.A: EDUCATION FACILITIES AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS TARGET 4.B: SCHOLARSHIPS TARGET 4.C: TEACHERS TARGET 4.7: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP

THE NFC AWARD, RESOURCES FOR EDUCATION DELIVERY Rs. 100 Billion FATA will receive over the course of next ten years for development. However, this is not easy to realize. Planned expenditure on the education sector plan can become an opportunity for unprecedented economic and social growth in the region.

Recommendations For Actions…. Collecting district/region specific data /statistics on most recent indicators bringing the schools to the students and also taking students to schools Review and undertake amendment of the current KP Right to Free & Compulsory Primary & Secondary Education Act 2017 in light of the transition taking into account the FATA RTE Act provisions, with inclusion, protection, equity, gender, ECE and TVET as guiding urgent needs – review article 37 b of the constitution too- 37(b) remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within minimum possible period Exploring public private partnerships strategy for extension of innovative programs to address equity, quality and access for the most marginalized; including mobilization of industry partners Integration of systems across Administration /procedural/human resources; Governance and Finance Addressing security challenges and peace initiatives by public and non-state actors Rehabilitation of IDPs on an urgent footing Exploring expansion of Elementary & Secondary Education Foundation’s work in the new districts for the most difficult to reach girls, children and adolescents through accelerated education initiatives, second chance and literacy programs Affirmative Action Policy Urgent need to set priorities for the transition in the next few weeks Formally extending the scope of Sector Plan and SDGs /SDG 4 for the enlarged integrated KP under the Global Partnership for Education (GPE) support. Addressing the polarization of society reflected in not just lifestyles but education options of madrassahs, state and non-state schools. Educators and partners from FATA and KP must visit each other’s sites to fathom diverse realities and human testimonies from the two regions; thus far there has been little meaningful people to people exchange ..

Thanks

Quality of Education: Ability to Read Story at Grade 5: FATA 2016 FATA Agencies Reading (%) Ranking Orakzai Agency 50 1 F.R. - Bannu 43 2 F.R. - D.I. Khan 42 3 F.R. - Tank 35 4 Khyber Agency 34 5 F.R. - Peshawar 6 Kurram Agency 32 7 F.R. - Lakki Marwat 19 8 F.R. - Kohat 18 9

Quality of Education: Ability to Read Story at Grade 5: KP 2016 KP Districts Reading (%) Ranking MANSEHRA 89 1 HARIPUR 87 2 BATTAGRAM 83 3 ABBOTTABAD 81 4 TANK 71 5 BANNU 67 6 PESHAWAR 61 7 MALAKAND 57 8 SWABI 53 9 LOWER DIR 50 10 SWAT 40 11 LAKKI MARWAT 12 TOR GHAR 33 13 CHARSADDA 32 14 KOHAT 15 HANGU 30 16 BUNER 17 DERA ISMAIL KHAN 18 NOWSHERA 29 19 MARDAN 25 20 KARAK 21 CHITRAL 22 UPPER DIR 23 SHANGLA 24 KOHISTAN Districts Adjacent to FATA (red bars)

Quality of Education: Ability to do 2 digit Division at Grade 5: FATA 2016 FATA Agencies Numeracy (%) Ranking Orakzai Agency 57 1 F.R. - Bannu 55 2 Khyber Agency 49 3 F.R. - D.I. Khan 43 4 F.R. - Lakki Marwat 39 5 F.R. - Peshawar 35 6 Kurram Agency 29 7 F.R. - Tank 22 8 F.R. - Kohat 9

Quality of Education: Ability to do 2 Digit Division at Grade 5: KP 2016 KP Districts Numeracy (%) Ranking MANSEHRA 91 1 HARIPUR 88 2 ABBOTTABAD 77 3 BANNU 72 4 BATTAGRAM 70 5 TANK 63 6 PESHAWAR 61 7 LOWER DIR 48 8 MALAKAND 45 9 SWAT 44 10 CHARSADDA 42 11 SWABI 40 12 KOHAT 13 LAKKI MARWAT 38 14 TOR GHAR 31 15 HANGU 16 BUNER 30 17 MARDAN 29 18 DERA ISMAIL KHAN 27 19 KARAK 23 20 NOWSHERA 22 21 CHITRAL SHANGLA UPPER DIR 24 KOHISTAN 25 Districts Adjacent to FATA (red bars)