Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Organic Chemistry Urea

Carbon’s versatility

Major Elements Of Organic Molecules

The valences are the “rules” for building organic molecules.

Hydrocarbons

Examples

Isomers

Types Of Isomers

Structural Isomers Butane Isobutane

Geometric Isomers

Enantiomers

Comment Organisms are sensitive to even the most subtle variations in molecular architecture.

Example - Thalidomide Cells can distinguish between two isomers. One is an effective drug. The other causes birth defects.

Functional Groups

Importance of Functional Groups

Hydroxyl Group

Carbonyl Group

Aldehydes

Ketones

Carboxyl Group

Carboxylic Acids

Amino Group

Sulfhydryl Group

Phosphate Group

Methyl Group

Summary Be able to recognize isomers. Know the seven functional groups and what properties they give to molecules.