Chapter 1 Human Biology and Health Bones, Muscles, and Skin Chapter 1 Human Biology and Health

Discover Activity (p.6) How Does Your Body Respond? Brainpop on “Human Body”

Body Organization The levels of organization in the body consist of cell, tissues, organs, and organ systems. The smallest unit of organization is the cell. The next largest unit is tissue; then, organs. Finally, the organ system is the largest unit of organization.

Structure of Cells Cell membrane forms the outside boundary of the cell. Nucleus is the control center that directs the cell’s activities and contains the information that determine the cell’s form and function. Cytoplasm is the material within a cell apart from the nucleus.

Functions of Cells Cells carry on the processes that keep organisms alive. Digested food undergoes chemical reactions that release energy for the body. Cells grow and reproduce.

Tissues A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform the same function (cell specialization) Four basic types of tissue found in the human body: muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue. Muscle tissue: contracts and enables body to move Nervous tissue: directs and controls the movement process. Connective tissue: provides support for body and connects its parts. Epithelial tissue: covers surfaces of your body, inside and out (example – skin)

Organs and Organ Systems An organ is a structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue. Heart, brain, lungs, kidneys are all organs Organs are made up of different kinds of tissues An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a major function. For example, heart is a major part of the circulatory system.

System we will be learning about throughout this unit Organ Systems Organ Systems Song System we will be learning about throughout this unit

Homeostasis Brainpop on “Homeostasis” Homeostasis is the process by which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment. Our body maintains homeostasis by sweating if we get too hot to help cool our body. Vice versa, we shiver if we get to cold because shivering helps to produce heat for our body. Stress is the reaction of your body to potentially threatening or challenging events. Once your body returns to normal after stress homeostasis is restored.

11 Body Systems Skeletal System Muscular System Integumentary System Digestive System Circulatory System Respiratory System Excretory System Immune System Nervous System Endocrine System Reproductive System

1.2 The Skeletal System Brainpop “Skeleton” 5 major function of the skeleton: Shape and support Enables you to move Protects your organs Produces blood cells Stores minerals and other material until your body needs them

Production and Storage of Substances Shape and Support Backbone, or vertebral column, is the center of the skeleton Backbone is made up of vertebrae Movement and Protection Muscles pull on bones to make them the body move Bones protect major organs of the body Production and Storage of Substances Make blood cells and store minerals the body needs

Joints of the Skeleton Immovable Joints (skull) Movable Joints - held together by ligaments and cartilage

Bone Structure Bones are complex living structures that undergo growth and development

Cells of the Bone

Section 1.3 Diagnosing Bone and Joint Injuries Fracture – or a break in a bone. Simple – bone may be cracked or completely broken into two or more pieces Compound – the broken ends of the bone sticks out through the skin

Section 1.3 Diagnosing Bone and Joint Injuries Dislocation – occurs when the endof a bone comes out of its joint. Sprain – occurs when ligaments are stretched too far and tear in places

Identifying Injuries X-Rays – a form of energy that travels in waves, like the light that your eyes can see. Cannot be used on soft tissue injuries. MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging – Takes images of both bone and soft tissue

Treating Injuries Cast for several weeks to allow bones to be stabilized and heal Joint Replacement Arthroscopy – a small incision is made and an arthroscope is inserted into the joint. Attached to the arthroscope is a camera that allows dr. to look inside the joint to see what is wrong and necessary repairs are made.

1.3 Pop Quiz 1.) The stretching or tearing of ligaments is a.) fracture b.) dislocation c.) sprain d.) osteoporosis 2.) T or F X-rays produce images of soft tissues. 3.) What is a common skeletal system injury? 4.) List one way a bone/joint injury can be treated?

1.3 Pop Quiz Answers 1.) The stretching or tearing of ligaments is a.) fracture b.) dislocation c.) sprain d.) osteoporosis 2.) T or F X-rays produce images of soft tissues. 3.) What is a common skeletal system injury? Fractures, dislocations, and sprains 4.) List one way a bone/joint injury can be treated? Cast, joint replacement, arthroscopy

Bones Exhibition Lab 2 day station activity Work with your lab partner to complete each station using your textbook and/or chromebooks When you finish a station move on to another Each station is worth 5 points.

1.4 The Muscular System Types of Muscle: Involuntary muscles – responsible for such essential activites as breathing and digesting food. i.e.- heart beating, breathing, etc. Voluntary muscles – muscles that are under your conscious control. i.e. – smiling, throwing a baseball, etc. 3 Types of Muscle Tissue: skeletal muscle – attached to the bones of your skeleton and provide the force that moves your bones At the end of each muscle is a tendon that connect the muscle to the bone. Skeletal muscle can also be called striated muscle because it is banded.

Smooth Muscle – typically found on the inside of your Smooth Muscle – typically found on the inside of your internal organs such as stomach and blood vessels. These muscles are involuntary, react more slowly and therefore tire more slowly. Cardiac Muscle – This tissue is found only in your heart. involuntary muscle tissue, striated, does not tire out

Muscles at Work Muscles can ONLY contract, not extend. Therefore skeletal muscles must work in pairs. While one muscle contracts, the other muscle in the pair relaxes to it original length.

Organ Systems Organ Systems Song

Integumentary System Read and Outline Section 1.5 pp. 30-35

Integumentary System

Integumentary System

Integumentary System

Integumentary System

Integumentary System

Integumentary System Organ Systems Song

Chicken Wing Dissection THANK YOU MIAMI MARKET!!! Carefully cut into the wing’s skin making a slit and gently remove the skin from the muscle – take care not to damage the muscle. Locate the tricep and bicep muscles and use them to move the wing. Find the tendon and where it attaches to the bone. You can clip the tendon and remove the muscle. Next, locate the ligaments that hold the joint together, using your scissors clip it. Locate the cartilage and note how it protects the bone from rubbing together. You can remove the cartilage to get to the bone marrow. Dispose of chicken wing in the garbage and put utensils in beaker of soapy water, place tray with the mat in the sink. Use the antibacterial spray and spray your table down Work on packet, we will complete it on Tuesday. Chapter 1 Test is Wednesday!

Chicken Wing Dissection

Chicken Wing Dissection

Chicken Wing Dissection