Intro to Cells Chapter 7 Pages 168-193

Biology is the study of life SO ……what does it mean to be living? Mrs. Brown Rocks!

To be living an organism must…... Be based on a universal genetic code Grow and develop Be able to reproduce *Sexually *Asexually Use materials and energy- metabolism Be able to respond to their environment *Stimulus Response Maintain stable internal environment- homeostasis Change over time, as a group- evolution Made of units called cells

Cells in organisms are specialized to perform different tasks. Muscle Blood NOT Skin Brain

Levels of Organization Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism

Levels of Organization Atom Element Molecule Compound Cell Basic units of life; perform special jobs Tissue Similar cells function together Organ Different tissues function together Organ System Different organs function together Organism

Cell Theory Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden all plants are made of cells Theodore Schwann all animals are made of cells Rudolf Virchow all cells came from pre-existing cells Cell Theory

All living things are composed of cells Animal Cell Plant Cell All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things New cells are produced from existing cells

Cell Types PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE No nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Small ribosomes Most cells are 1 -10 μm in size Evolved 3.5 billion years ago Found only in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms EUKARYOTE Has nucleus Many organelles Larger ribosomes Cells can be between 2 - 1,000 μm in size Evolved 1.5 billion years ago Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms

Cell Type: Prokaryotes Prokaryotes, which includes all bacteria, are the simplest cellular organisms. They have genetic material but no nucleus. Typical bacteria cell

Cell Types: Eukaryotes Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and numerous membrane -enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes.

What Are the Parts of Cells Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some things in common. All cells have cell membrane cytoplasm ribosomes genetic material nuclear material cell membrane ribosomes cytoplasm