CHAPTER 10 A Democratic Revolution 1800–1844 James A. Henretta Eric Hinderaker Rebecca Edwards Robert O. Self America’s History Eighth Edition America: A Concise History Sixth Edition CHAPTER 10 A Democratic Revolution 1800–1844 Copyright © 2014 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

1. What action is depicted in this image 1. What action is depicted in this image? Who are the figures on the stage, and what are they doing? Who are the figures surrounding the stage? (Answer: This image depicts a political stump speech. The political candidates stand on the improvised stage—perhaps a real tree stump—making their political speeches. Surrounding them are the townspeople who have come to hear the candidates.) 2. What are the different types of people listening to the speakers on the stage? What does the image suggest about the various groups of people who were present? (Answer: The audience includes both well-dressed gentlemen and local farmers wearing more casual clothes and broad-brimmed hats. Some of the listeners look bored, while others are engaged. The composition of the group suggests that all types of men were interested in the candidates’ speeches, and that politics was the business of all men.) 3. What was the artist aiming to convey in this painting? What was his opinion about the scene? (Answer: The artist was probably trying to show how the democratization of politics in the United States had transformed political contests, bringing them to the people and attracting the attention of men from a variety of social groups. It is hard to know for sure, but the painting seems to celebrate democracy with its depiction of diverse candidates and constituencies.)

I. The Rise of Popular Politics, 1810–1828 A. The Decline of the Notables and the Rise of Parties 1. The Rise of Democracy 2. Parties Take Command

I. The Rise of Popular Politics, 1810–1828 B. The Election of 1824 1. The Republican Party 2. Andrew Jackson

I. The Rise of Popular Politics, 1810–1828 C. The Last Notable President: John Quincy Adams 1. The Fate of Adams’s Policies 2. The Tariff Battle

1. Describe the scene depicted in this cartoon 1. Describe the scene depicted in this cartoon. Who are the two figures, and what do they symbolize? (Answer: The man on the left, under the S on the weather vane, represents a southern planter who has been impoverished by the tariff. The man on the right, under the N on the weather vane, symbolizes a northern manufacturer who has been enriched by the tariff.) 2. What do the buildings behind each of the men represent? (Answer: The building behind the planter is his house upon which a “To Let” sign is hung, indicating that he can no longer afford to pay for it. Next to the house is an empty ship, indicating that he can no longer grow cotton to export to Europe. The building behind the manufacturer is a factory with a busy worker out front, revealing that northern factories have remained busy and productive.) 3. What was the goal of the cartoonist? Which side of the tariff conflict do you think he supported? (Answer: The political cartoon was an attack on the tariffs implemented by the U.S. government in 1828 and 1832. The cartoonist sympathized with the southerners, who criticized the tariff as “little less than legalized pillage” and called it a “Tariff of Abominations.”)

I. The Rise of Popular Politics, 1810–1828 D. “The Democracy” and the Election of 1828 1. “Democrats” 2. Equal rights and popular rule

II. The Jacksonian Presidency, 1829–1837 A. Jackson’s Agenda: Rotation and Decentralization 1. “Kitchen Cabinet” 2. Patronage

II. The Jacksonian Presidency, 1829–1837 B. The Tariff and Nullification 1. The Tariff of 1828 2. South Carolina and “nullification” 14

1. Who are the two men in this political cartoon 1. Who are the two men in this political cartoon? (Answer: The man standing is Andrew Jackson. The man Jackson is carrying is Martin Van Buren. They are preparing to enter the Capitol building in Washington, D.C.) 2. Why did the artist depict Van Buren as Jackson’s passenger? What was the cartoon intended to convey to the viewer? (Answer: Jackson had recently dumped John Calhoun as his vice presidential candidate in the 1832 election and replaced him with Martin Van Buren, the “Little Magician” who had engineered Jackson’s successful run for the presidency in 1828. The artist did not place Van Buren on Jackson’s back because he saw him as a burden. Rather, he was suggesting that Jackson would carry Van Buren to the vice presidency because he could not have gotten there on his own.) 3. What can we glean from this cartoon about the political proclivities of the artist, if anything? (Answer: It is certain that the artist did not think much of Van Buren, but it is hard to judge his opinion of Jackson or of Calhoun, whom Van Buren replaced on the ticket. Perhaps the artist supported Calhoun and resented Jackson for rejecting him? Or perhaps he was simply seeking to represent the actions that had placed Van Buren on the ticket rather than Calhoun.)

II. The Jacksonian Presidency, 1829–1837 C. The Bank War 1. Jackson’s Bank Veto 2. The Bank Destroyed

II. The Jacksonian Presidency, 1829–1837 D. Indian Removal 1. Cherokee Resistance 2. The Removal Act and Its Aftermath

II. The Jacksonian Presidency, 1829–1837 E. The Jacksonian Impact 1. The Taney Court 2. States Revise Their Constitutions

III. Class, Culture, and the Second Party System A. The Whig Worldview 1. Calhoun’s Dissent 2. Anti-Masons Become Whigs

III. Class, Culture, and the Second Party System B. Labor Politics and the Depression of 1837–1843 1. Workers form a political party 2. Financial panic and economic depression

III. Class, Culture, and the Second Party System C. “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!” 1. The Log Cabin Campaign 2. Tyler Subverts the Whig Agenda