US Entry to WWII & The Home front 1937 Japan Invades China 1939 after Appeasement fails Hitler invades Poland

Lend Lease Act Allowed FDR to sell, lease or lend defense materials to Allies economic declaration of war against Axis Powers violated neutrality In response Germany begins to attack merchant ships using U-Boats (same as WWI)    

Selective Service “the Draft” Returns Restarts in 1940: Congress issues the 1st ever peace time draft Required men ages 21-36 to register & train for military service Many volunteer after Pear Harbor attack 8 weeks of training then off to fight Shortage of weapons for training = soldiers held a weapon for the 1st time in the war!!

FDR’s Four Freedoms Speech Freedom of Speech Freedom from Fear Freedom of Religion Freedom from Want The US needed to uphold American ideals and combat the aggression and totalitarianism of Nazi Germany

Pearl Harbor- 12/7/1941 Japan had relied on U.S. for natural resources (specifically oil) but the U.S. ended trade (embargo) with Japan…negotiations were unsuccessful In response, General Hideki Tojo sent troops to bomb U.S. military base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 surprise attack , many sailors in their racks/bunks 2,500 servicemen killed disabled the base and supplies for 6 months the U.S. enters the war on the Allied side

Effects of Pearl Harbor- Japanese Americans U.S. begins to restrict the rights of Japanese living in the country because they were seen as disloyal Japanese-Americans placed in internment camps (temporary imprisonment) Korematsu vs. U.S. upheld the government’s ability to use internment camps against citizens during wartime

Coming out of the Great Depression WWII production ends the Great Depression & increases employment The USA becomes the “Arsenal of Democracy” Wages Increased during WWII WWII production will lead to a huge consumer boom after the war is over!! Total War- everyone and everything is geared towards winning the war

Women in WWII Women’s Army Corps (WACs): gave army jobs to women nurses, clerical work, typists, truck drivers, etc. Just as in WWI, women filled in when men were off fighting the war Rosie the Riveter: Nickname & Mascot of women in the workforce (on the left) After war, lost jobs & unhappy…leads to the women rights movement

African Americans Served in segregated units Tuskegee Airmen: 1st African American Airborne unit in the military Still living in a segregated society even though working to support the war Discriminated against in factories & industry A. Phillip Randolph: Threatens a protest march on DC to protest treatment of African-Americans in the war industries

Japanese Americans Distrusted because of Pearl Harbor Internment Camps: Camps where Japanese Americans were forced to live during the war out of fear of their loyalty FDR’s Executive Order 9066 was issued in Feb. 1942 Korematsu v USA, 1944: Korematsu sued b/c he believed his 5th Amendment right to due process was violated Supreme Court said “internment camps were legal during times of war” 1965: Compensated for lost business & property George Bush issued a formal apology in 1988, granted $20K/each Not always trusted, so couldn’t join the military until late in the war Nisei troops serve in Europe only

Native Americans Native language was used as code for the US Military “Code Talkers” Code Talkers could not be allowed to be captured

Paying For the War War Bonds Just like in WWI Sold to raise money for the war effort You buy from the Government, they repay you later with interest Income Tax The number of people required to pay income taxes increased Began practice of withholding taxes from paychecks

War Production Board Established to convert from peacetime production to wartime production Ford made planes not cars Organized recycling drives Just like in WWI

Office of Price Administration Established controls on prices & inflation during the war Oversaw rationing

Rationing Just like in WWI! Food and Materials Main Goal is to support the War Effort Gov’t. limits on the consumption of food & other items essential for the war Ration stamp books issued for food, clothing, & other items “we limit consumption at home so the boys fighting can eat” Meatless, Wheatless, Lightless, etc. Days Return Victory Gardens return Take pressure off the public food supply

Office of War Information Created propaganda to stir up patriotic feelings & get people to support the war